译文说明:
(1)“病斯世之贸贸然”中的“病”属名词活用为动词,意即“担忧”(同一文中还有类似的例子。如“人之所病,病病多;医之所病病方少”。文中加一点的两个“病”字属意义引申,即将“病患”引申为“担忧”,加两点的两个“病"字属名词活用为动词。全句的意思是“人们担忧的问题,是担忧疾病多;医生担忧的问题,是担忧治病的方法少”。所以这句话可译为;
What
people are worrying about is the frequent contraction of diseases,while
what doctors are worrying about is the lack of effective treatments.
在这个译文中,“病多”和“方少”分别被译为 the frequent contraction of diseases 和 the lack of
effective treatments,均为深化译法。)“贸贸”意即“昏愦不明的样子” (指对“温病”昏愤不明),所以译作I feel
worried (病)about current people's (斯世之)ignorance (贸贸也)of Seasonal
Febrile Diseases (温病)。
(2)“述先贤之格言”,“先贤”这里指“前代医家","格言” 指“医理明言”,所以译作 the previous doctors' dictums about medicine。
(3)“摅生平之心得”意即“记述自己的体会”所以译作setting down my own experiences。
(4)“穷源竟委”即“彻底探究医学之源”,所以译作thoroughly studying the origin of medicine。
(5) 为行文条理清晰,译文将"述先贤之格言、摅生平之心得、穷源竟委”译作条件状语放在句中,使结尾显得较为有力。
三、副词活用为形容词
4. 惟庸工之治病,纯补其虚,不敢治其实,举世皆曰平稳,误人而不见其迹。(《儒门事亲•汗下吐三法该尽治病诠》)
原文分析:
“举”为副词,这里限定修饰名词“世”,活用为形容词。“庸工”指“平庸的医生”。这句话可据此译为:
Mediocre
doctors apply nourishing therapy only to asthenic syndromes rather than
sthenic ones. Having left no evidence of the delay of treatment, they
are usually regarded as calm and dignified.
译文说明:
为条理清晰起见,译文将原文分为两个独立句子。“不敢治其实”若直译为
they dare not to treat the sthenic syndrome
便无法与前文相关联,而且略显生硬。因而在译文中,“不敢”之意被揉 入rather than之中。“举世”—语已隐于上下文中,故略而未译。
2. 每夜小便里侵少许帛,各书记日。(《外台秘要•阴黄方三首》)
原文分析:
“每”为副词,修饰名词“夜”,起形容词的作用。这种用法在现代汉语仍然保留。“各书记日”意即“分别记下日期”。因此 这句话可译为:
Every night soak a little cloth in the urine and put down the date respectively.