刘禹锡诗句:“旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家。”
Jenyns译为:
Of old times swallows flew before the halls
of Wang and Hsieh,
Now they enter the houses of the common
people.
Bynner的译文是:
Where once they (swallows) visited great
homes,
Dip among doorways of the poor.
Jenyns的译文是复制方法的典型。其中enter一词不及dip多多矣。
达到艺术真实的具体方法有平直之法和巧变之法两种。有些文学作品依样译去,就可以达到神似的地步。这就是平直之法。
但也有一些文学作品依样译去,只是平庸气息。非藉巧变,不能传神。这就是巧变之法。换句话说,巧变之法就是在一定程度上重新进行巧妙的艺术构思,并赋之以完美的语言形式。
下面以平直之法取胜的两个例子。
王维《相思》“红豆生南国,春来发几枝。愿君多采撷,此物最相思。”Fletcher译为:
The red bean grows in southern lands.
With spring its slender tendrils twine.
Gather for me some more, I pray.
Of fond remembrance 'tis the sign.
杨广《春江花月夜》:“暮江平不动,春花满正开。流波将月去,潮水带星来。”Waley译为:
The evening river is level and motionless --
The spring colors just open to their full.
Suddenly a wave carries the moon away
And the tidal water comes with its freight of stars.
下面是以巧变之法取胜的两个例子。
刘长卿《送灵彻》:“苍苍竹林寺,杏杳钟声晚;荷笠带斜阳,青山独远归。”Bynner译为:
From the temple, deep in its tender bamboos,
Comes the low sound of an evening bell,
While the hat of a pilgrim carries the sunset
Farther and farther down the green mountain.
原诗中约“荷笠(人)带料阳”改为“笠带斜阳,”但同样生动地描绘出一种深山远归的意境。
李商隐《登乐游原》:“向晚意不适,驱车登古原。夕阳无限好,只是近黄昏。”Bynner译为:
With twilight shadows in my heart
I have driven up among the Lo-Yu Tombs
To see the sun, for all his glory,
Buried by the coming night.
以twilight shadows in my heart 译“向晚意不适,”以buried by the coming night译“只是近黄昏,”都是巧变之法,并能表达诗人迟暮之感。
总起来说,达到艺术真实的道路就是艺术创造的道路:感受——再现。有时,译者在一定程度上还需要重新进行艺术构思,
并赋之以完美的语言形式。
责任编辑:admin