返回

翻译理论

搜索 导航
超值满减
翻译主体的“权力”:范围和限度
2022-10-10 08:55:34    etogether.net    网络    


Meditation before Writing


(1) In the beginrning, all external vision and sound are suspended, Perpetual thought itself gropes in time and space; (2) Then, the spirit at full gallop reaches tbe eight limits of the cosmos; And tbe mind, self-buoyant, will ever soar to new insurmountable heights. (3) When the search succeeds, feeling, at first but a glimmer,will gradually gather into full luminosity, When all objects thus lit up glow as if each the other's light reflects. (4) Drip-drops are distilled afresh from a sea of words since time out of mind, as quintessence that savours of all the aroma of the Six Arts. (5) Now one feels blithe as a swimmer calmly borne by celestial waters; And then, as a diver into a secret world, lost in subterranean currents. (6) Hence, arduously sought expressions, hitherto evasive, hidden, will be like stray fishes out of the ocean bottom to emerge on the angler's hook; (7) And quick-winged metaphors, fleeing, far-fetched feathered tribes, while sky-faring are brought down from the curlclouds by the fowler's bow. (8) Thus the poet will have mustered what for a hundred generations awaited his brush, to be uttcred in rimes for a thousand ages unheard. (9) Let the full-blown garden flowers of the ancients in their own morning glory stand; to breathe life into late blossoms that have yet to bud will be his sole endeavor. (10) Eternity he sees in a twinking, and the whole world he views in one glance.


这显然是一种“照本宣科”式的“忠信”翻译:主体完全处于被动状态。问题出在“文赋”本身的章句组织与铺排“巧而碎乱”,后世屡有品评,翻译不能不参照“接受者反馈”加以调整,采取一种能动的、积极的、进取的文本处理手法和文本观。这里涉及一个对客体规定性的认识问题。下面这段品评作者是刘衍文等,论述比较中肯,又便于翻译安排:


这一段话可分为两个层次。自“其始也”至“心游万仞”是第一层次(1),描写构思开始阶段想象力的奔驰。“其致也”以下是第二层次(2)。再进而形容构思的成熟阶段,从物像在作者心中的由隐到显写到在笔下的辞采纷呈。我们感到,第二层次中的“浮天渊以安流,濯下泉而潜浸”(5)和“观古今于须臾,抚四海于一瞬”(10)四句刻划的是想像力在时空的游弋,应当归入第一层次。若在“浮天渊”两句补拓,足以状求索之苦。彼此对照,相得益彰,与上文的联系也更为紧密。再看第二层次,“沈辞怫悦”一联(6)是阐释“情瞳昽”两句的(3),其间却横梗了“倾群言”和“浮天渊”两联,“浮天渊”(5)

一联既宜移出,“倾群言”两句亦然(4),其最恰当的位置当在“收百代”两句之下(8),在提倡广收博采后更阐明撷取精华之意。最后则以“谢朝华”、“启夕秀”结穴 (9),即一切当以创造性为指归。这样安排,各联各安其位,在层次上似顺理成章得多。


按照以上分析,符合思维和表述逻辑的句序(即语段组织机理)应当是(1)、(2)、(5)、(10)、(3)、(6)、(8)、(4)、(9)比较妥当。可见主体在认识上绝对不能陷入原文“无谬论”,以讹传讹,即所谓“真值共享”(8.3.3)——虽则译者是出于“信、达”的好心。事实上,绝对的信达是没有的。不仅没有,而且,如果勉强为之,肯定要影响读者的接受,反而有害于客体。这就是主客体之间的辩证法。同时,我们也不应责怪占人,因其纰罅而废其意理。对文本应该有一种历史观,给它作所谓“历史的还原”。古代印刷水平很有限,古籍又屡经浩劫,销匿蚕食代代有之,传抄错简也是常有的事。总之,主体对文本应该有自己的科学分析。


责任编辑:admin



[上一页][1] [2] 【欢迎大家踊跃评论】

上一篇:别它字的翻译处理
下一篇:词语缩短的问题

微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们,每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧,外语学习及翻译招聘信息。

  相关理论文章






PC版首页 -关于我们 -联系我们