确保审判权检察权依法独立公正行使。发布五个“人民法院五年改革纲要”和“人民检察院改革规划”。全面实施立案登记制，有诉必理，保障当事人诉权。实行以法官检察官员额制为核心的司法人员分类管理制度改革，推进司法职业保障制度改革，司法人员正规化、专业化、职业化水平进一步提升。全面落实司法责任制，真正做到“谁办案、谁负责”。贯彻宽严相济刑事政策，进一步完善刑事诉讼程序，推动认罪认罚从宽制度改革，完善刑事案件速裁程序运行机制，深化案件繁简分流，构建中国特色立体化、多层次刑事诉讼体系。在有条件的地方实行省级以下地方法院、检察院人财物统一管理，探索设立跨行政区划的人民法院和人民检察院，最高人民法院设立六个巡回法庭，设立知识产权法院、互联网法院、金融法院等。加强对公共利益的司法保护，建立检察机关提起公益诉讼制度，截至2019年3月，全国检察机关共办理公益诉讼案件157095件。
Ensuring independent and impartial exercise of judicial and procuratorial powers. China has issued five outlines for five-year reform of the people’s courts and five plans on reform of the people’s procuratorates. To protect citizen’s right of action, it has implemented a case docketing and registration system across the board, which ensures that every case application receives a response. China has reformed the management of judicial personnel, adopted a quota system for judges and procurators, and initiated job security reform for judicial personnel, enabling them to be more regularized and professional. It has fully implemented a judicial responsibility system to ensure that those who have handled a case assume full responsibility for it. The judiciary has combined punishment and clemency in handling criminal cases, further improved criminal proceedings, and introduced reforms on showing clemency to suspects and defendants who cooperate fully. It has improved the fast-track sentencing procedure for criminal cases, further separated the handling of simple and complex cases, and formed a multi-layer criminal litigation system with Chinese characteristics. Where conditions permit, local courts and procuratorates under the provincial level have carried out unified management of personnel, funds and property. China is exploring setting up people’s courts and people’s procuratorates across administrative boundaries. The Supreme People’s Court now has six circuit courts, and there are also courts that handle intellectual property and financial cases, and online courts. The state has strengthened the protection of public interest, and public interest lawsuits are filed by procuratorial organs. By March 2019, 157,095 cases of public interest had been handled by procuratorial organs.
深化司法公开。全面推进阳光司法，不断加强审判流程、庭审活动、裁判文书、执行信息司法公开平台和人民检察院案件信息公开平台建设。截至2019年2月，中国审判流程信息公开网公开案件信息3.7亿项，中国庭审公开网直播庭审259万件，中国裁判文书网公开文书6382万份，访问量226亿次。人民检察院案件信息公开网自2014年10月1日开通以来，公开案件程序性信息928万余件，发布重要案件信息58万余条，公开法律文书386万余份，接受辩护与代理网上预约30万余人次。加强对司法活动的监督，深化刑事诉讼监督，加强民事行政诉讼监督，不断完善人民陪审员和人民监督员制度。
Improving judicial openness. To increase judicial transparency, China has improved the platforms for releasing information on judicial process, trials, written judgments, and the execution of judgments, and the platform on disclosing information on cases handled by people’s procuratorates. As of February 2019, China Judicial Process Information Online had disclosed information on 370 million cases, the National Court Hearing Online had broadcast 2.59 million court trials, and China Judgements Online had disclosed 63.82 million copies of judgments, attracting a total of 2.26 billion visits. Since its launch on October 1, 2014, the online information disclosure service of the procuratorates has disclosed information on the proceedings of 9.28 million cases and 580,000 items of information on major cases, put online 3.86 million legal documents, and booked 300,000 defense and litigation applications online. China has strengthened supervision over judicial activities, criminal proceedings, and civil administrative proceedings, and improved the system of people’s jurors and supervisors.
保障当事人获得公正审判的权利。推进以审判为中心的刑事诉讼制度改革，严格贯彻罪刑法定、证据裁判、非法证据排除等法律原则，完善出庭作证机制，强化庭审功能。充分保障犯罪嫌疑人和被告人的辩护权，犯罪嫌疑人自被侦查机关第一次讯问或者被采取强制措施之日起，有权委托辩护人，被告人有权随时委托辩护人；开展法律援助值班律师和刑事案件律师辩护全覆盖试点工作，实现法院、看守所法律援助工作站全覆盖，努力保障所有刑事案件被告人在审判阶段都能获得律师辩护和帮助；保障辩护律师会见、阅卷、调查取证、质证和辩论辩护等各项诉讼权利；完善保障律师依法履职机制，建立健全维护律师执业权利快速联动处置机制；开通律师服务平台，为律师办案提供便利。坚持疑罪从无，防范和纠正冤假错案。2013年至2019年3月，各级人民法院依法对5876名被告人宣告无罪，确保无罪的人不受刑事追究；再审改判刑事案件8568件，其中依法纠正呼格吉勒图案、聂树斌案、“五周案”等重大冤错案件49件，并依法予以国家赔偿。严格控制并慎用死刑，大幅减少适用死刑的罪名。2007年，最高人民法院收回死刑复核权。
Guaranteeing the right to fair trial for all parties. China has promoted the reform of the criminal litigation system with a focus on adjudication, strictly enforced the principles of “no penalty without a law”, evidence-based verdict, and exclusionary rule, improved the mechanism for witnesses to appear in court, and strengthened the role of court trials. China has fully guaranteed the right to defense of criminal suspects and defendants. A criminal suspect has the right to entrust a defender from the date when organs of investigation conduct the first interrogation or a compulsory measure is taken against the suspect. A defendant has the right to authorize a defender at any time. Pilot work has been launched to ensure duty counsels offer legal aid for all cases and legal defense is provided in all criminal cases, and legal aid stations can be found at all courts and detention houses, to ensure that defendants in all criminal cases can obtain legal defense and support in trial. The state protects defense lawyers’ rights to meet their clients, to read case files, to investigate and obtain evidence, to conduct cross-examination, and to debate and defend, and other litigious rights. It has improved the mechanism for lawyers to perform their duties by law, formed a joint response system to ensure lawyers’ right of practice, and established a platform to provide appropriate services to them. China implements the principle of presumption of innocence to prevent and correct miscarriages of justice. From 2013 to March 2019, people’s courts at all levels acquitted 5,876 defendants, ensuring that no one should be prosecuted without criminal evidence. Wrongful verdicts on 8,568 criminal cases were overturned, including 49 major cases concerning Hugjiltu for rape and murder, Nie Shubin for rape and murder, and Zhou Jikun, Zhou Jiahua, Zhou Zaichun, Zhou Zhengguo and Zhou Zaihua for murder. The wrongly-convicted all received state compensation in accordance with the law. China has strictly controlled the death penalty, reducing the number of crimes for capital punishment by a significant margin. In 2007, the Supreme People’s Court took back the right to review all capital sentences.
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