2012年以来中国国防费
进入新时代，与国家现代化进程相一致，着眼建设与中国国际地位相称、与国家安全和发展利益相适应的巩固国防和强大军队，进一步缩小与世界先进军事水平的差距，解决军队打现代化战争能力不够的问题，中国国防费规模保持了稳步增长，支出结构持续优化。
China’s Defense Expenditure Since 2012
In the new era, to keep pace with the country’s modernization, China is focusing on building a fortified national defense and a strong military commensurate with the country’s international standing, and its national security and development interests. China is striving to narrow the gap between its military and the world’s leading militaries, and make up the deficiencies in the military’s capabilities in modern warfare. Defense expenditure is growing steadily and the breakdown of spending is being continuously optimized.
中国国防费按用途划分，主要由人员生活费、训练维持费和装备费构成。人员生活费用于军官、文职干部、士兵和聘用的非现役人员，以及军队供养的离退休干部工资、津贴、伙食、被装、保险、福利、抚恤等。训练维持费用于部队训练、院校教育、工程设施建设维护以及其他日常消耗性支出。装备费用于武器装备的研究、试验、采购、维修、运输、储存等。国防费的保障范围包括现役部队、预备役部队、民兵等。
In terms of usage, China’s defense expenditure is assigned to three sectors – personnel, training and sustainment, and equipment. Personnel expenses mainly cover the salaries, allowances, food, bedding, clothing, insurance, subsidies and pensions for officers, non-ranking officers, soldiers and contracted civilians, as well as retirees supported from the defense budget. Training and sustainment expenses mainly cover training of the troops, institutional education, construction and maintenance of installations and facilities, and other expenditure on routine consumables. Equipment expenses mainly cover R&D, testing, procurement, repairs, maintenance, transport and the storage of weaponry and equipment. In terms of scope, defense expenditure covers all active forces, reserve forces and militia.
2012年以来增长的国防费主要用于：（一）适应国家经济社会发展，提高和改善官兵生活福利待遇，落实军队人员工资收入定期增长机制，持续改善基层部队工作、训练和生活保障条件。（二）加大武器装备建设投入，淘汰更新部分落后装备，升级改造部分老旧装备，研发采购航空母舰、作战飞机、导弹、主战坦克等新式武器装备，稳步提高武器装备现代化水平。（三）深化国防和军队改革，保障军队领导指挥体制、部队规模结构和力量编成、军事政策制度等重大改革。（四）保障实战化训练，保障战略训练、战区联合训练、军兵种部队训练等，加强模拟化、网络化、对抗性训练条件建设。（五）保障多样化军事任务，保障国际维和、护航、人道主义救援、抢险救灾等行动。
Since 2012, the increase in defense expenditure has been primarily spent for the following purposes:
1. Adapting to national economic and social development, improving the wellbeing of service personnel, ensuring regular increases in military salaries, and bettering the working, training and living conditions of the troops;
2. Increasing input in weaponry and equipment development, phasing out the outdated, upgrading the old, and developing and procuring the new, such as aircraft carriers, fighters, missiles and main battle tanks, to steadily modernize weaponry and equipment;
3. Deepening national defense and military reform, supporting major reforms in military leadership and command systems, force structure and composition, and policies and institutions;
4. Supporting training in real combat conditions, enhancing strategic-level training, joint training at TCs’ level and training of services and arms, and improving the conditions for simulated, networked and force-on-force training; and
5. Supporting diverse military tasks including the UNPKOs, vessel protection operations, humanitarian assistance operations and disaster relief efforts.
2012年至2017年，中国国防费从6691.92亿元人民币增加到10432.37亿元人民币。中国国内生产总值（GDP）按当年价格计算年平均增长9.04%，国家财政支出年平均增长10.43%，国防费年平均增长9.42%，国防费占国内生产总值平均比重为1.28%，占国家财政支出平均比重为5.26%。国防费占国内生产总值的比重稳定，与国家财政支出保持同步协调增长。
中国国防费实行严格的财政拨款和预算管理制度。国防费使用坚持需求牵引、规划主导，坚持量入为出、量力而行，加强集中统管，统筹存量增量，逐步推行国防费绩效管理，推进以效能为核心的军费管理改革。改进和加强预算管理，深化军队资金集中收付制度改革，加快经费标准化建设步伐，完善军队资产资金管理办法。
From 2012 to 2017, China’s defense expenditure increased from RMB669.192 billion to RMB1,043.237 billion. China’s GDP and government expenditure grew at average rates of 9.04% and 10.43% respectively, calculated on the price of the indicated years, while its defense expenditure increased by an average of 9.42%. Defense expenditure accounted for 1.28% of GDP and 5.26% of government expenditure on average. The percentage of China’s defense expenditure in GDP remained stable and grew in coordination with the increase of government expenditure.
China applies strict mechanisms of fiscal allocation and budget management on its defense expenditure. It pursues a level of defense spending that is demand-oriented, planning-led and consistent with its capacity. It endeavors to strengthen unified management, coordinate existing and incremental expenditure, gradually practice cost-effectiveness management, and steadily press ahead with reform that is centered on efficacy and efficiency. To improve and strengthen budget management, China’s armed forces are extending reform of the centralized collection and payment of military funds, accelerating standardization in relation to defense expenditure, and improving the management of assets and funds.
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