华尔街日报：比起以前来，美国企业对它们在中国的遭遇的抱怨增多了，它们的抱怨立得住吗？
崔大使：我认为事实很明显，与40年前相比中国市场的竞争更加激烈了。中国经济增长了，中国企业也在学习如何在国际上拥有竞争力，它们学得很快，有时正是在美国企业帮助下长进的。
WSJ: U.S. businesses complain more than in the past about the way they are treated in China. How valid are the concerns?
Ambassador Cui: I think the fact is clearly there's more competition in China compared with 40 years ago, because the Chinese economy has grown and Chinese companies are also learning how to be internationally competitive. And maybe they are learning very fast, sometimes with the help of American companies.
中美双边贸易增长很快，对两国都有利。随着双边贸易和投资增长，中美彼此联系更趋密切，竞争也随之加剧，这是事实。中国市场上竞争更趋激烈，主要是由经济规律而非政策决定的。
就政策而言，中方有保护知识产权的政策和法律，并设立了审理知识产权案件的专门法庭。中方不鼓励并禁止强制技术转让。
But still, bilateral trade has been growing so fast. It has benefited both countries. As people do more bilateral trade and investment with each other and there is more and closer contact between each other, competition will also increase. This is just a fact. There's more competition on the Chinese market. This is determined more by the economic logic than by any policy.
As far as the government policy is concerned, we do have laws and policies to protect intellectual-property rights. We even set up special courts for intellectual-property cases. We also discourage or even prohibit forced transfer of technology.
华尔街日报：一些美国企业表示它们迫于中方压力而转让技术。
崔大使：我们经常对美国商界人士讲，请他们提供具体案例，试着利用中国的法律制度来保护他们的合法利益。但很多时候，他们不向中方提供具体案例，而是继续向美国政府抱怨。我认为这并不能真正帮助我们解决他们的关切。美国公司必须提供具体案例。
WSJ: Some U.S. companies say that they are being pressured by Beijing to hand over technology.
Ambassador Cui: Very often we talk to American business people, asking them to give us specific cases; try to use the Chinese legal system to protect their legitimate interests. But very often they just don't give us specific cases, they complain to the American government. I don't think this will really help us to address that real concern. You have to give us specific cases.
同时，一些技术转让案例往往并非强制性技术转让，而是双方企业达成的商业协议。中国公司拥有当地销售网络、土地、设备和劳动力，美国公司拥有技术，他们愿意根据彼此的比较优势达成（互惠）协议。我相信有“技术换市场”的例子，但这是企业间的商业协议，如果其中一方对此不满，大可一走了之，没人强迫他们做交易。
除中美公司有竞争外，美国公司和其他外国公司也有激烈竞争，例如，美、欧、日等主要汽车制造商在华竞争激烈。如果美国公司不把他们最好的车型、技术应用到在华汽车生产和销售中，就可能把市场份额拱手让给欧、日汽车制造商。因此，这种技术转让不是由中国政府或中国公司所迫，而是由市场竞争所迫。
For some of the cases of transfer of technology, it's not forced transfer. Very often it's a commercial deal between Chinese companies and American companies because Chinese companies have their local sales network. [They also have] land, facilities and labor. The American companies have technology. So they want to make a deal between them. Each relies on its so-called comparative advantage.
I'm sure there have been cases of so-called market share for technology. But these are commercial deals between the companies. If people don't like the deals, they can certainly walk away. Nobody is forcing them to do these deals.
And also, besides such interaction between Chinese and American companies, there is also very fierce competition between American companies [and other foreign companies]. For instance, all the major car makers-American, European, Japanese-are competing with each other in China. So if American companies don't bring their best model, their best technology to the cars they are making in China and selling to the Chinese consumers, they might lose their market share to the Europeans and Japanese car-makers. So sometimes this kind of transfer of technology is forced not by the Chinese government or Chinese company, but by the market competition.
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