——积极开展现代化建设，推动西藏经济社会文化的发展。和平解放后，人民解放军和进藏工作人员坚决执行《十七条协议》和中央的政策，修建康藏、青藏公路和当雄机场，兴修水利，建设现代工厂、银行、贸易公司、邮局、农场和学校等，采取多种措施帮助农牧民发展生产，开展社会救济，救灾活动，免费为群众防疫治病，推动了西藏经济、社会、文化事业的发展，展示了一种现代文明和进步的新气象，在西藏各阶层和广大群众中产生了深远影响，从而打破了西藏社会长期封闭、停滞的局面，开启了走向现代社会的历史进程，为西藏社会进一步向前发展开辟了广阔前景，为西藏与全国共同前进创造了必要条件。
(二)实行民主改革，废除封建农奴制度，解放百万农奴和社会生产力，完成西藏历史上最深刻的社会变革
— Actively undertaking the modernization program to promote Tibet’s economic, social and cultural development. After the peaceful liberation, the PLA and people from other parts of China working in Tibet persisted in carrying out the 17-Article Agreement and the policies of the Central Authorities, built the Xikang-Tibet and Qinghai-Tibet highways, Damxung Airport, water conservancy projects, modern factories, banks, trading companies, post offices, farms and schools. They adopted a series of measures to help the farmers and herdsmen expand production, started social and disaster relief programs, and provided free medical service for the prevention and treatment of epidemic and other diseases. All this promoted the region’s economic, social and cultural development, created a new social atmosphere of modern civilization and progress, produced a far-reaching influence among people of all walks of life in Tibet, ended the long-term isolation and stagnation of Tibetan society, paved the way for Tibet’s march toward a modern society, opened up wide prospects for Tibet’s further development and provided necessary conditions for the common progress of Tibet and the nation as a whole.
2. Implementing the Democratic Reform, abolishing feudal serfdom, and emancipating millions of serfs and the social productive forces, achieving the most profound social reform in the history of Tibet
民主改革之前的旧西藏是一个比欧洲中世纪还要落后、黑暗的政教合一的封建农奴制社会。占人口5%的官家、贵族、寺庙上层僧侣三大领主及其代理人占有西藏的全部耕地、牧场、森林、山川、河流和大部分牲畜，而占人口95%的农奴和奴隶没有生产资料和人身自由。广大农奴和奴隶不仅遭受着沉重的赋税、乌拉差役和高利贷的剥削，而且遭受着世所罕见的残酷的政治压迫和刑罚，挣扎在死亡线上。改革西藏社会制度是西藏社会发展的必然要求和西藏人民的根本愿望。考虑到西藏的特殊情况，《十七条协议》规定：“对于西藏的现行政治制度，中央不予变更”；“有关西藏的各项改革事宜，中央不加强迫。西藏地方政府应自动进行改革，人民提出改革要求时，得采取与西藏领导人员协商的方法解决之”。和平解放后，中央人民政府对西藏社会制度改革采取了十分慎重的态度和极为宽容的政策，耐心等待和劝说西藏地方上层统治集团主动进行改革，并给予充分的时间。但是，西藏反动上层为了维护农奴主阶级的既得利益和特权，根本反对改革，企图永远保持封建农奴制，为此，他们蓄意违反《十七条协议》，策划了一系列分裂祖国的活动，直至1959年发动全面武装叛乱。
Prior to the Democratic Reform, Tibet practiced a system of feudal serfdom under theocracy, which was darker and more backward than in Europe in the Middle Ages. The three major estate-holders — officials, nobles and upper-ranking monks in monasteries — accounted for less than five percent of Tibet’s total population but owned all the farmland, pastures, forests, mountains and rivers, and the majority of the livestock. The serfs and slaves, accounting for more than 95 percent of the population, had no means of production or freedom of their own. They were not only subjected to the three-fold exploitation of corvee labor, taxes and high-interest loans, but also suffered cruel political oppression and punishment rarely seen in world history. Their lives were no more than struggles for existence. Thus, reforming the social system of Tibet was an inevitable requirement of social development and the fundamental aspira-tion of the Tibetan people. In consideration of the special conditions of Tibet, the 17-Article Agreement stipulated that “the central government will not alter the existing political system in Tibet”; “in matters related to various reforms in Tibet, there will be no compulsion on the part of the central government. The local government of Tibet shall carry out reforms of its own accord, and when the people raise demands for reform, they shall be settled by means of consultation with the leading personnel of Tibet.” After Tibet was liberated peacefully, the Central People’s Government adopted a very prudent and tolerant attitude toward the reform of its social system, hoping to persuade the people of the local ruling class of the need for reform and waiting patiently for them to take initiative to start the social reform. But the serf owners were totally opposed to any reform which would mean giving up their privileges, opposed the 17-Article Agreement and plotted a series of activities to split Tibet from China, which ended in a full-scale insurrection in 1959.
上一篇：《西藏和平解放60年》（中英对照）IV
下一篇：《西藏和平解放60年》（中英对照）II
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。