与此同时，西藏地方政府在帝国主义侵略势力的怂恿和西藏上层亲帝分裂势力的把持下，极力扩充藏军，并以其主力7个代本(相当于团)沿金沙江西岸陈兵于以昌都为中心的周围地区，企图阻止人民解放军进军解放西藏。昌都为从西南入藏的必经之地。1950年8月23日，毛泽东指出占领昌都“对于争取西藏政治变化及明年进军拉萨，是有利的”，“有可能促使西藏代表团来京谈判，求得和平解决”。10月6日起，人民解放军进藏部队从南北两线分别渡过金沙江执行解放昌都的作战任务。10月19日，昌都解放。在此基础上，昌都地区第一次人民代表会议召开，选举产生了昌都地区人民解放委员会，成立了昌都地区僧俗人民争取和平解放西藏工作委员会。昌都战役打开了和平谈判的大门，为促进西藏和平解放创造了必要条件。
(四)签订《十七条协议》，实现西藏和平解放
Meanwhile, the local government of Tibet, incited by impe-rialist aggressors and dominated by the pro-imperialist separat-ists in the upper strata of Tibet, expanded the Tibetan army and deployed seven regiments in areas around Qamdo along the western bank of the Jinsha River, in an attempt to halt the PLA’s advance into Tibet. Qamdo was the only way into Tibet from the southwest. On August 23, 1950 Mao Zedong pointed out that the capture of Qamdo “will help us to change the political situation in Tibet and advance into Tibet next year,” and “may spur the Tibetan delegation to come to Beijing for negotiations for a peaceful settlement.” On October 6 the PLA troops started to cross the Jinsha River to carry out the task of liberating Qamdo. On October 19 Qamdo was liberated. On this basis, the First People’s Congress of Qamdo was held, at which the Qamdo People’s Liberation Committee was elected and a working committee was founded, composing of representatives from both the ecclesiastical and secular, in Qamdo to strive for the peaceful liberation of Tibet. The Qamdo Battle opened the door to peace negotiations and created the necessary conditions for the peaceful liberation of Tibet.
4. The 17-Article Agreement was signed, and Tibet was liberated peacefully.
中央人民政府和毛泽东主席始终没有放弃和平解放西藏的努力，在昌都战役进行中，仍催促西藏“代表团应速来京”。昌都战役促使西藏地方政府内部发生分化，爱国进步力量占据上风，主张亲帝分裂的摄政达扎·阿旺松饶被迫下台，十四世达赖喇嘛于11月17日提前亲政，西藏地方政局朝着有利于和平解放的趋势发展。
1951年1月2日，十四世达赖喇嘛移居西藏亚东，一面对我进行观望，一面向英、美、印、尼等国求援，伺机逃往国外，但是没有一个国家愿意公开支持“西藏独立”。西藏地方政府也相应地分为留守的“拉萨噶厦”和临时性的“亚东噶厦”两部分。随后，西藏地方政府“官员会议”决定正式派出代表到北京同中央人民政府和谈。达赖喇嘛在致中央人民政府表示愿意和平谈判的信中说：“过去，在我年幼未掌权期间，藏汉之间关系屡遭破坏，近日已通知阿沛及随员从速启程去北京。为争取时间，我们将再给阿沛两位助手，经印度前往北京。”在中央人民政府民族平等政策和和平解放西藏方针的感召下，西藏地方政府派出了与中央人民政府和谈的全权代表团，阿沛·阿旺晋美为首席代表，凯墨·索安旺堆、土丹旦达、土登列门、桑颇·登增顿珠为代表。代表团分作两路启程，于1951年4月27日齐聚北京，受到中央人民政府的欢迎。随即，中央人民政府组成谈判代表团，李维汉为首席全权代表，张经武、张国华、孙志远为全权代表。经过友好协商，中央人民政府和西藏地方政府于1951年5月23日在北京签订了《关于和平解放西藏办法的协议》。
The Central People’s Government and Chairman Mao Ze-dong had never given up their efforts for the peaceful liberation of Tibet. Even during the Qamdo Battle, Mao Zedong urged that the Tibetan “delegation should come to Beijing as soon as poss-ible.” The Qamdo Battle led to a division within the local gov-ernment of Tibet, when patriotic and advanced forces got the upper hand, while the pro-imperialist separatist Regent Taktra Ngawang Sungrab was forced to resign. On November 17 the 14th Dalai Lama assumed power, and the political situation in Tibet started to develop in the direction of peaceful liberation.
On January 2, 1951 the 14th Dalai Lama moved to the Tibetan city of Yadong, on the one hand taking a wait-and-see attitude, and on the other seeking support from Britain, the US, India and Nepal while awaiting an opportunity to flee abroad. But no country wished to publicly support “Tibet indepen-dence.” Correspondingly, the local government of Tibet was divided into a Kashag who remained in Lhasa and a temporary Kashag in Yadong. Following this, an “officials’ meeting” of the local government of Tibet decided to formally send delegates to Beijing for peace negotiations with the Central People’s Gov-ernment. In his letter to the Central People’s Government to express his wish for peace talks, the 14th Dalai Lama said, “In the past when I was young and had not taken power, the Tibe-tan-Han relationship was repeatedly disrupted. Recently I have notified Ngapoi (Ngapoi Ngawang Jigme) and his entourage to set out for Beijing as soon as possible. Racing against time, we will add another two assistants to Ngapoi, who will go to Beijing via India.” Inspired by the Central People’s Government’s policy of equality of all ethnic groups and peaceful liberation of Tibet, the local government of Tibet sent a delegation for peace talks with the Central People’s Government. The plenipotentiary representatives included the Chief Representative Ngapoi Nga-wang Jigme, and representatives Kemai Soinam Wangdui, Tub-dain Daindar, Tubdain Legmoin and Sampo Dainzin Toinzhub. The representatives set out in two groups, and assembled in Beijing on April 27, 1951. They received a warm welcome from the Central People’s Government, which also organized a dele-gation, including Chief Representative Li Weihan and repre-sentatives Zhang Jingwu, Zhang Guohua and Sun Zhiyuan. After friendly talks, the Central People’s Government and the local government of Tibet signed the Agreement of the Central People’s Government and the Local Government of Tibet on Measures for the Peaceful Liberation of Tibet in Beijing on May 23, 1951.
上一篇：《西藏和平解放60年》（中英对照）III
下一篇：《西藏和平解放60年》（中英对照）I
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。