发展贫困地区社会事业。建立健全农村义务教育经费保障机制，加大对家庭经济困难学生资助力度，减轻贫困地区教育负担。实施中西部农村初中校舍改造工程、全国中小学校舍安全工程和农村义务教育薄弱学校改造计划，加强宿舍、食堂和必要的基础设施建设，改善办学条件。实施农村中小学现代远程教育工程，促进城乡和地区之间优质教育资源共享。加强农村三级医疗卫生服务体系建设，加强国家扶贫开发工作重点县乡镇卫生院、村卫生室建设。组织实施农村订单定向医学生免费培养项目，重点为乡镇卫生院及以下的医疗卫生机构培养卫生人才。加大培养合格乡村医生和接生员的力度，鼓励医疗卫生专业的大学毕业生到乡镇卫生院工作。进一步加大政府对参加新型农村合作医疗费用的资助力度。建立健全人口和计划生育服务体系。全面实行农村计划生育家庭奖励扶助制度，加快推进西部地区计划生育“少生快富”工程。加强农村公共文化服务体系建设，着力建设乡镇综合文化站，组织开展全国文化信息资源共享工程、送书下乡工程，开展广播电视“村村通”工程、农村电影放映工程、“农家书屋”工程。
加强贫困地区生态建设。巩固退耕还林成果，完善补助政策，延长补助期限。实施退牧还草工程，采取封山育草、禁牧等措施，保护天然草原植被。在西藏等地开展草原生态奖励补助试点。组织实施京津风沙源治理工程，在项目区大力发展生态特色产业，实现生态建设与经济发展有机结合。实施岩溶地区石漠化综合治理工程，通过封山育林育草、人工植树种草、发展草食畜牧业、坡改梯、小型水利水保工程，实现石漠化综合治理与产业发展、扶贫开发结合。实施三江源生态保护和建设工程，通过退耕还草、生态移民、鼠害防治、人工增雨等措施，加强长江、黄河和澜沧江发源地的生态保护。加快完善生态补偿机制，加大天然林保护、湿地保护与恢复、野生动植物保护和自然保护区建设力度，维护生物多样性。
Developing social undertakings in poverty-stricken areas. The state establishes funding mechanisms for compulsory education in rural areas, and increases subsidies to students from poor families to alleviate the burden of education on impoverished areas; implements classroom renovation project for rural junior high schools in the central and western regions, schoolhouse safety project for primary and secondary schools throughout the country and renovation project of rural schools with weak facilities to enhance the construction of dormitories, canteens and other basic infrastructural facilities and improve teaching conditions; implements modern distance education in rural primary and secondary schools to ensure the sharing of high quality educational resources between urban and rural areas and among different regions; strengthens the construction of three-tier medical service system in rural areas and the construction of township hospitals and village clinics in key counties covered in the national poverty reduction and development work; implements the project that offers free training to medical students oriented to work in rural areas, with the focus on the training of medical workers to work in hospitals at and below the township level; makes greater efforts to train qualified country doctors and midwives, and encourages graduates of medical schools to work at township-level hospitals; further increases govern-mental support to new-type rural cooperative medicare system; establishes and improves population and family planning service networks; comprehensively implements the support and rewarding system for rural households which follow the family planning policies, and promotes the family planning project in the western regions with the theme "fewer children, quicker prosperity." The state also strengthens the construction of public cultural service networks in rural areas, focuses on the building of comprehensive cultural centers in townships, and organizes the implementation of the national cultural information resource sharing, books for villages, radio and TV access to every village, rural film showing and "rural community library" projects.
Strengthening ecological construction in poverty-stricken areas. The state has made efforts to consolidate the achievements of the farmland-to-forest project, improves the subsidy policy, and extends the deadline for such subsidies; has started to implement the pastureland-to-grassland project by adopting such measures as sealing off mountains and hills for natural grass growth and banning grazing to protect the vegetation cover of natural grasslands. It has launched pilot projects in Tibet Autonomous Region and other areas to subsidize people who protect the grassland ecology; organized the implementation of the Beijing and Tianjin sandstorm source control project and made efforts to develop ecological specialty industries in project areas to realize the organic integration of ecological construction and economic development. It has taken comprehensive measures to reverse the trend of desertification in Karst areas to realize the integration of industrial development and development-oriented poverty reduction by closing off hills for the growth of trees and grass, planting trees and grass, developing herbivore animal husbandry, constructing terrace-fields on sloping land and building small hydraulic and water conservation projects.
上一篇：《中国农村扶贫开发的新进展》（中英对照）IV
下一篇：《中国农村扶贫开发的新进展》（中英对照）II
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。