贫困地区生产生活条件明显改善。国家不断加大贫困地区基础设施建设投入，全面改善这些地方的生产生活条件。从2002年至2010年，592个国家扶贫开发工作重点县新增基本农田5245.6万亩，新建及改扩建公路里程95.2万公里，新增教育卫生用房3506.1万平方米，解决了5675.7万人、4999.3万头大牲畜的饮水困难。到2010年底，国家扶贫开发工作重点县农村饮用自来水、深水井农户达到60.9%，自然村通公路比例为88.1%、通电比例为98%、通电话比例为92.9%，农户人均住房面积24.9平方米，农户使用旱厕和水冲式厕所比重达88.4%。贫困地区农村面貌发生明显变化。
贫困地区社会事业不断进步。农村义务教育得到加强，扫除青壮年文盲工作取得积极进展，到2010年底，国家扶贫开发工作重点县7至15岁学龄儿童入学率达到97.7%，接近全国平均水平；青壮年文盲率为7%，比2002年下降5.4个百分点，青壮年劳动力平均受教育年限达到8年。新型农村合作医疗实现全覆盖，基层医疗卫生服务体系建设不断加强，到2010年底，国家扶贫开发工作重点县参加新农合的农户比例达到93.3%，有病能及时就医的比重达到91.4%，乡乡建有卫生院，绝大多数行政村设有卫生室。贫困地区人口和计划生育工作、公共文化服务体系建设继续得到加强。
Production and living conditions in poor areas have been greatly improved. The state has constantly increased investment in infrastructure construction in poor areas to improve production and living conditions there. From 2002 to 2010, 592 key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs saw their basic farmland increased by 52.456 million mu (approximately 3,497,067 ha), the mileage of newly constructed, renovated and extended roads by 952,000 km, and their buildings for education and health care by 35.061 million sq m, in addition to the solution of drinking-water problem for 56.757 million people and 49.993 million head of livestock. By the end of 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, 60.9 percent of rural households had access to tap water or well water, 88.1 percent of villages had access to roads, 98 percent had access to electricity, and 92.9 percent had access to telephones. In addition, their per-capita housing space reached 24.9 sq m, and 88.4 percent of the rural households had hygienic latrines.
Social undertakings in poor areas have made constant progress. Compulsory education in rural areas has been strengthened, and the work to eliminate illiteracy among young and middle-aged people has made great headway. By the end of 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, 97.7 percent of children aged between 7 and 15 were enrolled in school, close to the national average level; the illiteracy rate of young and middle-aged people had decreased to 7 percent, 5.4 percentage points lower than in 2002; and the average schooling time for the young and middle-aged had reached eight years. In addition, the new type of cooperative medical care system for rural residents had covered all the rural population, and the primary-level medical and health service system had been improved. By the end of 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, 93.3 percent of rural households had participated in the new cooperative medical care system, and 91.4 percent of rural residents were able to get timely medical service; every township had a hospital, and most administrative villages had a clinic. Population and family planning work, and the building of a public cultural service system in poor areas were strengthened.
贫困地区生态恶化趋势初步得到遏制。从2002年至2010年，国家扶贫开发工作重点县实施退耕还林还草14923.5万亩，新增经济林22643.4万亩。国家扶贫开发工作重点县饮用水水源受污染的农户比例从2002年的15.5%下降到2010年的5.1%，获取燃料困难的农户比例从45%下降到31.4%。
三、专项扶贫
中国政府把收入在扶贫标准以下的人口作为扶贫对象，把贫困人口集中的中西部革命老区、少数民族地区、边疆地区和特困地区作为扶贫开发的重点区域，在这些地区确定了592个国家扶贫开发工作重点县给予重点扶持。中央和地方各级政府编制专项规划，安排专项资金，集中资源改善这些地区基础设施，发展特色优势产业，完善社会服务体系，增强人口素质。东部以及中西部其他地区的贫困县、乡、村，主要由地方政府负责扶持。
Ecological degradation has been brought under initial control. From 2002 to 2010, in the key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs 149.235 million mu (or 9.949 million ha) of farmland was restored to forest or grassland, and 226.434 million mu (or 15.0956 million ha) of economic forest was planted. In these counties, the proportion of households whose drinking water sources were polluted decreased from 15.5 percent in 2002 to 5.1 percent in 2010, and that of households having difficulty in getting fuel decreased from 45 percent to 31.4 percent.
III. Special Poverty Reduction Programs
The Chinese government aims its poverty reduction programs at all people whose income is below the poverty line, while putting emphasis on the old revolutionary bases in the central and western regions, areas inhabited by ethnic minorities, border areas and destitute areas. It includes 592 counties in these areas in the key programs of the nation' s poverty reduction effort. The central government and local governments at all levels formulate special programs, appropriate special funds and concentrate resources to improve infrastructure construction, develop specialty and competitive industries, improve social services and enhance the people's quality in these areas. The local governments of other impoverished counties, townships and villages in the eastern, central and western regions are mainly responsible for their respective poverty reduction programs.
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