十年来，中国国民经济平稳较快增长，综合国力不断增强。在这一进程中，国家把扶贫开发纳入国民经济和社会发展总体规划，制定和实施有利于农村贫困地区发展的政策措施，把扶贫投入作为公共财政预算安排的优先领域，把贫困地区作为公共财政支持的重点区域，不断加大对贫困地区的扶持力度，切实提高扶贫政策的执行力。
农村政策。中国是一个传统的农业大国，农村人口多，贫困现象突出。实行有利于减贫的农村政策，对于消除农村贫困问题十分重要。十年来，国家实行统筹城乡经济社会发展的方略和工业反哺农业、城市支持农村与“多予少取放活”的方针，全面促进农村经济社会的发展，使贫困地区和农村贫困人口普遍受益。国家相继取消牧业税、生猪屠宰税和农林特产税，特别是取消了在中国存在2600多年的农业税，并以法律形式固定下来，让中国广大农民彻底告别了缴纳农业税的历史。全面实行种粮农民直接补贴、良种补贴、农机具购置补贴和农资综合补贴，逐步建立和完善农村社会保障体系，推进农村饮水、电力、道路、沼气等基础设施建设和农村危房改造。推行集体林权制度改革，使农民真正拥有林地承包经营权和林木所有权，落实各项优惠政策，发展林下经济和森林旅游，增加农民收入。不断加大强农惠农富农和扶贫开发的投入力度，中央财政用于“三农”的支出从2003年的2144.2亿元人民币增加到2010年的8579.7亿元人民币，年均增长21.9%，公共财政覆盖农村步伐明显加快。国家的一些强农惠农富农政策率先在贫困地区实行。其中，免征农业税试点、农村义务教育“两免一补”政策(对农村义务教育阶段贫困家庭学生免书本费、免杂费、补助寄宿生生活费)、对国家新安排的公益性基本建设项目减少或取消县及县以下配套，率先在国家扶贫开发工作重点县实行。一些强农惠农富农政策向贫困地区和贫困人口倾斜。中央财政在农村最低生活保障、新型农村合作医疗和新型农村社会养老保险的制度安排上，对中西部地区给予较大支持。2010年，民政部门资助参加新型农村合作医疗4615.4万人次，资助资金14亿元人民币，人均资助30.3元人民币。
In the past decade, the national economy of China grew rapidly and steadily, and the overall national strength grew constantly. During this period, the Chinese government incorporated development-oriented poverty reduction into its overall plan for national economic and social development, formulated and implemented policies and measures conducive to the development of poverty-stricken rural areas, made poverty reduction a priority in public finance budgeting, and poor areas key recipients of public finance support, continuously increased support to poor areas and earnestly enhanced ability in the implementation of poverty-reduction policies.
Rural policies. China is traditionally an agricultural country with a large rural population and a great number of people in dire poverty. The implementation of rural policies conducive to rural poverty reduction is thus extremely important for eliminating poverty in rural China. In the past decade, the Chinese government carried out the strategy of coordinating urban and rural economic and social development, and the principles of industry nurturing agriculture, urban areas supporting rural areas and "giving more, taking less and loosening control" to promote the comprehensive development of rural economy and society to benefit all poor areas and all rural poor. The government successively abolished the animal husbandry tax, pig slaughtering tax, and tax on agricultural and forestry specialties. Then, it abolished the agriculture tax and wrote it in the law, and this is of particular significance as it made rural people in China bid final farewell to the payment of agriculture tax that had existed in China for over 2,600 years. The government issued subsidies directly to grain growers, subsidies for purchasing fine seeds and agricultural machinery and tools and general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies; gradually established and improved the social security system for rural China, and pushed forward the construction of infrastructure related to drinking water, electricity, road and methane, along with the renovation of dilapidated rural housing. The system of collective forest rights was reformed to make farmers real contractors of forested land and real owners of trees in the forests, various preferential policies were implemented to develop the forest economy and forest tourism to increase the farmers' incomes. The government kept increasing investment into measures that strengthen agriculture and measures that bring benefits to the farmers and increase their incomes, as well as the development-oriented poverty reduction program. The outlays of the central finance on agriculture, the countryside and farmers increased from 214.42 billion yuan in 2003 to 857.97 billion yuan in 2010, representing an annual increase of 21.9 percent on average, indicating that the public finance is quickening the pace of supporting the countryside. Some state policies that strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers and increase their incomes were first carried out in impoverished areas. Of them, some policies were first carried out in key counties in the national development-oriented poverty reduction programs, and these policies included the pilot project to abolish the agriculture tax, the policy to exempt rural students in compulsory education from poor families from paying tuition and miscellaneous fees, and to provide living subsides for boarders, and the policy to reduce or cancel the required supporting funds to be supplied by local governments at and below the county level for the new public-welfare infrastructure projects listed in national plans. Poor areas and poor people were given top priority in the implementation of some policies that strengthen agriculture and benefit farmers. The central government gave considerable financial support to central and western regions in terms of subsistence allowances for rural residents, new cooperative medical care and new social endowment insurance for rural residents. In 2010, the civil affairs departments paid a total of 1.4 billion yuan in subsidies to 46.154 million people in the new rural cooperative medical care scheme, or an average of 30.3 yuan per person.
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