加强核应急法制建设。中国基本形成国家法律、行政法规、部门规章、国家和行业标准、管理导则于一体的核应急法律法规标准体系。早在1993年8月就颁布实施《核电厂核事故应急管理条例》。进入本世纪以来，又先后颁布实施《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》，从法律层面对核应急作出规定和要求。2015年7月，新修订的《中华人民共和国国家安全法》开始实施，进一步强调加强核事故应急体系和应急能力建设，防止、控制和消除核事故对公众生命健康和生态环境的危害。与这些法律法规相配套，政府相关部门制定相应的部门规章和管理导则，相关机构和涉核行业制定技术标准。军队制定参加核电厂核事故应急救援条例等相关法规和规章制度。目前，正积极推进原子能法、核安全法立法进程。
加强核应急管理体制建设。中国核应急实行国家统一领导、综合协调、分级负责、属地管理为主的管理体制。全国核应急管理工作由中央政府指定部门牵头负责。核设施所在地的省（区、市）人民政府指定部门负责本行政区域内的核应急管理工作。核设施营运单位及其上级主管部门（单位）负责场内核应急管理工作。必要时，由中央政府领导、组织、协调全国的核事故应急管理工作。
Strengthening nuclear emergency legislative system building. China has put in place its own nuclear emergency legal framework, comprising state laws, administrative regulations, departmental rules, national and industrial standards, and management guidelines. As early as August 1993 China put into effect the Regulations on Emergency Management of Nuclear Accidents at Nuclear Power Plants. Since the beginning of this century China has, in succession, enacted the Law of the People's Republic of China on Prevention and Control of Radioactive Pollution and Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China, providing regulations and requirements from the legal perspective on nuclear emergency preparedness. In July 2015 the newly revised State Security Law of the People's Republic of China was promulgated, further reinforcing the nuclear accident emergency system and emergency response capacity building to prevent, control and eliminate damage to the life and health of the general public and ecological environment. In keeping with the foregoing laws and regulations, relevant departments of the government have worked out and put into effect their respective regulations and management guidelines, and relevant institutions and nuclear-related industries have drawn up applicable technical standards. The military also has drawn up relevant regulations, and established systems governing emergency rescue actions associated with nuclear emergency preparedness. Currently efforts are being made to push forward the legislative process associated with the Atomic Energy Law and Nuclear Safety Law.
Strengthening nuclear emergency management system building. China implements a nuclear emergency management system featuring unified leadership at the national level, overall coordination, assignment of responsibilities to different levels and emphasis on localized administration. The nuclear emergency management is led and placed under the responsibility of the department designated by the central government. The governments of the province (autonomous region or centrally administered municipality) wherein nuclear installations are located are responsible for nuclear emergency management within their respective jurisdictions. The operator of the relevant nuclear installation and its senior competent authority (unit) shall be responsible for on-site emergency management. Wherever necessary, the central government will lead, organize and coordinate nuclear emergency management at the national level.
加强核应急机制建设。中国实行由一个部门牵头、多个部门参与的核应急组织协调机制。在国家层面，设立国家核事故应急协调委员会，由政府和军队相关部门组成，主要职责是：贯彻国家核应急工作方针，拟定国家核应急工作政策，统一协调全国核事故应急，决策、组织、指挥应急支援响应行动。同时设立国家核事故应急办公室，承担国家核事故应急协调委员会日常工作。在省（区、市）层面，设立核应急协调机构。核设施营运单位设立核应急组织。国家和各相关省（区、市）以及核设施营运单位建立专家委员会或支撑机构，为核应急准备与响应提供决策咨询和建议。
四、核应急能力建设与保持
中国坚持积极兼容、资源整合、专业配套、军民融合的思路，建设并保持与核能事业安全高效发展相适应的国家核应急能力，形成有效应对核事故的国家核应急能力体系。
Strengthening nuclear emergency mechanism building. China implements a nuclear emergency organization and coordination mechanism featuring leadership by one department and participation by multiple departments. At the national level, a National Nuclear Accident Emergency Coordination Committee has been set up comprising relevant governmental and military departments with the following main responsibilities: implementing state nuclear emergency work guidelines, drawing up national policies for nuclear emergency management, uniformly coordinating emergency activities at the national level, and deciding, organizing and commanding emergency assistance response actions. A National Nuclear Emergency Office has also been set up to undertake the routine work of the National Nuclear Accident Emergency Coordination Committee. At the provincial (regional and municipal) levels, nuclear emergency coordination bodies have been established, and operators of nuclear installations have set up their respective nuclear emergency bodies. At the national and provincial (regional and municipal) levels and within the operators of the nuclear installations, committees of experts or the support organizations thereof have been established to provide advice and suggestions on nuclear emergency preparedness and response.
IV. Building and Maintenance of Nuclear Emergency Capabilities
Sticking to the guidelines of versatile compatibility, resource integration, interdisciplinary support, and integration of military and civilian capabilities, China builds and maintains national nuclear emergency capabilities commensurate with the safe and efficient development of nuclear energy, and forms a fully-fledged national system of nuclear emergency response capabilities.
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