改革行政诉讼制度，保障行政相对人的合法权益。2014年修改的行政诉讼法着力解决实践中“立案难、审理难、执行难”问题。明确规定人民法院依法受理行政案件，行政机关不得干预、阻碍。人民法院在审理行政案件中，可以对国务院部门和地方人民政府及其部门制定的规范性文件进行审查，经审查认为规范性文件不合法的，不作为认定行政行为合法性的依据，并向制定机关提出处理建议。明确规定复议机关决定维持原行政行为的，复议机关和作出原行政行为的机关是共同被告。明确规定行政机关负责人应当出庭应诉。完善促进行政机关履行生效判决的措施，对于行政机关拒绝履行判决、裁定、调解书的，人民法院可以对行政机关负责人、直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法采取罚款、拘留等措施。
三、努力提高人权司法保障执行力
依法惩治违法犯罪，公正审理民事、行政案件，强化生效裁判执行，完善社区矫正、国家赔偿和法律援助制度，切实保障公民生命财产权利、民生权利等合法权益。
Reform the administrative litigation system to protect the legitimate rights and interests of private parties to administrative lawsuits. The revised Administrative Procedure Law in 2014 aimed to resolve difficulties in filing, adjudication, and execution of court rulings. It specifies that administrative agencies are not allowed to interfere with or impede the admission of administrative cases by the people's courts. In handling administrative cases, the people's courts can review regulatory documents formulated by ministries under the State Council, local people's governments and their departments, and if they find them unlawful, such documents cannot be used as references of legality in administrative cases and people's courts should offer suggestions to the enactment bodies. It also stipulates that if the reconsideration organ's decision sustains the original administrative action, the administrative organ taking the original administrative action and the reconsideration organ shall be co-defendants. The individual in charge of an administrative organ against which a complaint is filed shall appear in court to respond to the complaint. Measures should be improved to motivate administrative organs to implement effective judgments, and if they refuse to implement such judgments, convictions or mediation papers, people's courts may impose fines on or arrest leading members of administrative organs, persons in direct charge and others held accountable.
III. Enhance Judicial Protection of Human Rights
China punishes crimes by law, tries civil and administrative cases fairly, and strengthens the execution of effective judgments. It endeavors to improve institutions of community correction, state compensation and legal aid, and diligently safeguard citizens' right of life, property right, right of livelihood and other legitimate rights and interests.
依法办理各类刑事案件，保障人民群众生命财产权利。重点惩治暴力恐怖、严重暴力、黑恶势力、涉枪涉爆、食药安全、制贩毒品等犯罪。公安机关先后开展打击暴力恐怖活动、打黑除恶、打击整治非法调查和非法买卖公民信息、打击电信诈骗犯罪和利用“伪基站”违法犯罪等专项行动。最高人民检察院与公安部、国家食品药品监督管理总局共同制定食品药品行政执法与刑事司法衔接工作办法，2015年各级检察机关共建议食品药品监管部门移送涉嫌犯罪案件1646件，监督公安机关立案877件。完善检察机关同步介入生产安全事故调查处理机制，2015年共起诉重大责任事故犯罪2199人，查处事故所涉职务犯罪823人。天津港“8·12”特别重大火灾爆炸事故发生后，检察机关迅速介入调查，分别以涉嫌玩忽职守罪、滥用职权罪、受贿罪，对25人立案侦查。2012年至2015年，各级法院审结各类一审刑事案件406.26万件。依法审理云南昆明“3·01”暴恐案、北京 “10·28”暴恐案等暴力恐怖犯罪案件，审结黑社会性质组织犯罪案件2070件，审结杀人、抢劫、绑架、强奸等犯罪案件105.05万件，审结毒品犯罪案件41.73万件。
依法惩处腐败犯罪和职务犯罪，为人权保障创造良好的政治和法治环境。2015年，各级检察机关共立案侦查职务犯罪案件40834件54249人。其中，查办贪污贿赂、挪用公款100万元以上的案件4490件，同比上升22.5%；查办受贿犯罪13210人、行贿犯罪8217人；查办国家机关工作人员渎职侵权犯罪13040人；查办事关群众切身利益的征地拆迁、社会保障、教育、医疗、“三农”等民生领域的职务犯罪20538人。2012年至2015年，各级法院共审结贪污贿赂犯罪案件9.49万件，判处罪犯10.02万人；审结行贿案件1.03万件，判处罪犯9219人；审结渎职犯罪案件2.13万件，判处罪犯2.35万人。其中被告人原为厅局级以上的381人，原为县处级以上的2269人。依法判处周永康无期徒刑，剥夺政治权利终身，并处没收个人财产；判处薄熙来无期徒刑，剥夺政治权利终身，并处没收个人财产。
Handle all kinds of criminal cases by law to protect people's right of life and property right. The state focuses on punishing violent terrorist crimes, serious crimes of violence, gangland crimes, crimes involving guns and explosives, crimes endangering food and medicine safety, crimes related to drug production and trafficking, and some other crimes. Public security organs have launched a series of special actions to fight against violent terrorist activities, combat organized criminal gangs, crack down on illegal gathering and trading of citizens' information, and combat telecommunication fraud and the use of pseudo base stations.
Together with the Ministry of Public Security and the China Food and Drug Administration, the Supreme People's Procuratorate has formulated working methods connecting administrative law enforcement on food and medicine crimes with criminal justice. In 2015, procuratorial organs at all levels recommended to food and drug regulatory authorities to bring 1,646 suspected criminal cases to lawsuit, and supervised and urged public security organs to file 877 cases. The mechanism enabling procuratorial organs to synchronously engage in investigating and handling industrial accidents has been improved. In 2015 procuratorial organs prosecuted 2,199 people for being liable for serious accidents, and investigated and dealt with 823 involved in these accidents for work-related crimes. After the Tianjin Port fire and explosion incident on August 12, 2015, procuratorial organs quickly launched an investigation, and then placed on file 25 cases of criminals suspected of dereliction of duty, abuse of power, and bribery. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded 4,062,600 criminal cases of first instance. Related courts tried, according to the law, the case of the Kunming terrorist attack on March 1, 2014, that of Beijing terrorist attack on October 28, 2013, and other cases of violent terrorist crimes. Courts concluded 2,070 cases of gangland crimes, 1,050,500 cases of murder, robbery, kidnapping, rape and other crimes, and 417,300 cases of drug-related crimes.
Punish by law crimes of corruption and work-related crimes to create a favorable political and legal environment for the protection of human rights. In 2015, procuratorial organs at all levels placed on file and investigated 40,834 cases of work-related crimes involving 54,249 people. Specifically, they investigated and dealt with 4,490 cases of embezzlement, bribery, and defalcation of more than one million yuan each, a year-on-year increase of 22.5 percent; 13,210 people for taking bribes and 8,217 for offering bribes; 13,040 civil servants for dereliction and malfeasance; and 20,538 people for work related crimes in land requisition and demolition, social security, education, health care, the Three Rural (agriculture, rural areas and farmers) issues and other livelihood fields concerning immediate interests of the people. From 2012 to 2015, courts at all levels concluded 94,900 cases of corruption and bribery and sentenced 100,200 criminals; concluded 10,300 cases of offering bribes and sentenced 9,219 criminals; and concluded 21,300 cases of dereliction of duty, and sentenced 23,500 criminals. Among the defendants, 381 were formerly at/above the department or bureau level, and 2,269 were at/above the county or division level. Zhou Yongkang was sentenced to life imprisonment and deprived of political rights for life, and his personal assets were confiscated. Bo Xilai was sentenced to life imprisonment and deprived of political rights for life, and his personal assets were confiscated.
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