——发展权的实现是一个历史过程。发展永无止境,发展权的实现没有终点。在实现发展权问题上,没有完成时,只有进行时;没有最好,只有更好。中国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段,人民日益增长的物质文化需要同落后的社会生产之间的矛盾将长期是社会主要矛盾。作为发展中大国,中国面临的发展问题十分突出,发展任务十分繁重,追求更加平等的参与和更加平等的发展,充分实现全体人民的发展权,需要长期不懈的努力。
——发展权的保障必须是可持续的。可持续发展是发展权的应有之义,体现着代际公平。发展不平衡、不协调、不平等,发展方式粗放,都是发展不可持续的表现。中国坚持以可持续的方式进行消费、生产,科学管理地球的自然资源,走可持续的、有复原力的经济社会发展道路,满足今世后代的需求。中国遵循平衡性、可持续性的发展思路,将人与自然和谐发展、经济与社会和谐发展视为实现和保障发展权的新样态。
The realization of the right to development is a historical course. There is no end either to development or to realizing the right to development. The latter is an ongoing process of improvement. China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will long remain so. The inadequacy in meeting the ever-growing material and cultural needs of the people because of backward social production will remain the principal social problem. As a major developing country, China faces challenging problems and heavy tasks in development. In pursuit of more equal participation and development, China needs consistent efforts to fully realize the people's right to development.
The protection of the right to development must be sustainable. Sustainable development is a prerequisite for materializing the right to development, an embodiment of intergenerational equity. Imbalanced, uncoordinated and unequal development reflects unsustainable development, as does an extensive development model. China is pursuing a sustainable approach to production, utilization and consumption of natural resources. China now follows a sustainable and resilient socio-economic development path so as to meet the needs of both present and future generations. China has a development mindset of balance and sustainability, regarding the harmonious development between humanity and nature, between economy and society, as a new means of realizing and protecting the right to development.
——发展权应为各国人民共有共享。实现发展权既是各国的责任,也是国际社会的共同义务。发展权的实现既需要各国政府根据各自国情制定符合本国实际的发展战略和发展政策,也需要国际社会的共同努力。中国倡导各国坚持公平、开放、全面、创新的共同发展理念,着力促进包容性发展,为各国人民共享发展权创造条件。全球经济治理应该以平等为基础,更好反映世界经济格局新现实,增强新兴市场和发展中国家代表性和发言权,确保各国在国际经济合作中权利平等、机会平等、规则平等,实现发展权共享、共赢。
二、日臻完备的发展权保障制度
中国建立并完善保障发展权的立法、战略、规划、计划、司法救济一体化制度体系架构,以富有建设性、务实性、高效性和强制性的体制制度、战略构建与政策措施,保障人民发展权的实现。
The right to development must be enjoyed and shared by all peoples. Realizing the right to development is the responsibility of all countries and also the obligation of the international community. It requires governments of all countries to formulate development strategies and policies suited to their own realities, and it requires concerted efforts of the international community as a whole. China calls on all countries to pursue equal, open, all-round and innovative common development, promotes inclusive development, and creates conditions for all peoples to share the right to development. Global economic governance must be based on equality. It must better reflect the new world economic pattern, give an enhanced voice and representation to emerging markets and developing countries, ensure that all countries enjoy equality of rights, opportunities and rules in international economic cooperation, and ensure the right to development is shared.
II.The System Ensuring the People's Right to Development
China has established an integrated system of legislature, strategy development, planning, and judicial remedy to ensure its people's right to development, and makes continued efforts to improve it. The people's right to development is realized through a framework of institutions, strategies, policies and measures that are constructive, practical, efficient, and compulsory.