三、有效提升人权司法保障水平
司法是人权保障的重要防线。中共十八大以来，中国坚持司法为民，将惩治犯罪与保障人权相统一，坚定不移推进司法体制改革，不断发展和完善中国特色社会主义司法制度，努力让人民群众在每一个司法案件中都感受到公平正义。
确保审判权检察权依法独立公正行使。全面落实司法责任制改革，健全司法人员分类管理制度，全面推开员额制改革，全国法官人数从19.88万人精简到12万人，检察官人数从15.8万人精简到8.6万人，司法人员正规化、专业化、职业化水平进一步提升。让审理者裁判，由裁判者负责，法官和检察官在职责范围内对案件质量终身负责。在严格落实司法责任制基础上，建立起符合司法人员职业特点的职业保障制度。健全司法人员依法履职保护机制，明确法官、检察官依法办理案件不受行政机关、社会团体和个人的干涉。推动省以下地方法院、检察院人财物省级统管，设立最高人民法院巡回法庭和跨行政区划法院、检察院，推进行政案件跨行政区划集中管辖。权责明晰、监管有效、保障有力的司法权运行机制不断完善。
III. Effectively Enhancing Judicial Protection of Human Rights
The judicial system plays a significant role in human rights protection. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China has put people first in its judicial system, integrated criminal punishment with human rights protection, pressed ahead with judicial system reform, continuously developed and improved a socialist judicial system with Chinese characteristics, and endeavored to embody fairness and justice in each and every legal case.
Guaranteeing independent and impartial enforcement of judicial and procuratorial authorities as per the law. Thanks to comprehensive implementation of judicial accountability reform, improvement of the classified management system of judicial personnel, and full adoption of judge quota system reform, the number of judges has been streamlined from 198,800 to 120,000, and procurators from 158,000 to 86,000. Further progress has been made in standardization, specialization and professionalization. According to the principle that those who review a case pass judgment, and those who pass judgment are held accountable, judges and procurators are subject to life-long accountability for cases they handle during their service. Based on strict implementation of judicial accountability, a career security system in line with professional characteristics of judicial personnel has been established.The mechanism that guarantees performance of duty of judicial personnel in accordance with the law has been improved, clearly stipulating that judges and procurators are to be free from interference by administrative organs, social groups and individuals when handling cases as per the law. Provincial-level courts and procuratorates have direct jurisdiction over the staffing, finance and property of their subordinate courts and procuratorates, and circuit courts under the Supreme People's Court and trans-regional courts and procuratorates have been set up to handle trans-regional cases in a concentrated way. The enforcement mechanism of judicial power, which explicitly differentiates power and responsibility, features effective supervision and regulation, and guarantees protection, continues to be improved.
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