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在常用词surface, surpass中有个来自古法语的前缀sur-, 它的前身正是拉丁前缀super-。所以,sur-的基本意思也是above或beyond,而且没有更多的引申义。sur-主要与拉丁词根相结合,但也可以作为派生词缀与单词结合。
下面介绍几个常用的以sur-开头的词。
surface [ sur- = above 上;face = face 面=>“above the face of 在… 的面上”→] n. ① the outside of anything 面,表面 / A cube has six surfaces. 一个立方体有 6 个面。②the outer appearance 外表/ Beneath his rough surface he is really a very kind person. 他看起来粗暴无礼,其实心地非常善良。
surficial a. 地表的;地面的
surmount [ sur- = over 上;mount = to climp up 攀登=>“to climb over 攀上 ”→]v. rise above; get over; overcome 登上;越过; 克服 / He surmounted many difficulties before he became an engineer. 他克服了许多困难,才成为工程师。
surmountable a. 可克服的;可超越的
surpass [ sur- = beyond 超;pass = to go by 经过 v. go beyond; exceed 超越;胜过 / He surpasses his sisters in arithmetic. 他在算术方面胜过他的姐妹。
surpassing a. 非凡的;超越的;无比的