二是始终以问题导向深化改革。40年来，中国改革开放从经济领域起步，逐步扩大至政治、文化、社会、生态领域的五位一体格局，始终坚持以问题为导向，先易后难、逐步深化，走出了一条符合中国国情的改革开放之路。尤其是过去5年，中国推出1500多项改革措施，以壮士断腕的决心和勇气攻艰克难，一些重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展。目前，中国主要领域改革主体框架基本确立，改革呈现出全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进的良好态势。

Second, to deepen reform, one must find out what has gone wrong and adopt a problem-led approach.

In the past 40 years, China started with economic restructuring and gradually moved on to the political, cultural, social and ecological areas. In this "five-pronged" reform, China has never sidestepped a problem. Our approach is to start in easier fields and gradually tackle more difficult areas. This approach to reform and opening up is in line with China's national conditions.

In the recent five years, in particular, China adopted over 1,500 reform measures and displayed great determination and courage in tackling the difficult issues. This has led to breakthroughs in major areas and key links.

The result is encouraging. The main framework for reform in major areas has been set up. Reform is in full swing, deepening on all fronts and achieving many breakthroughs. 

　　三是始终以人民利益衡量改革。无论是改革开放之初的家庭联产承包责任制，还是今天的全面深化改革，都坚持“以人民为中心”的工作导向，以增强人民群众幸福感、安全感和获得感为出发点和归宿点。当前针对精准扶贫、人口城镇化、环境治理、简政放权、产权保护等相关改革，都反映了广大人民最直接的利益诉求。在精准扶贫方面，过去五年，我们成功使6000多万贫困人口稳定脱贫，贫困发生率从10.2%下降到4%以下。中国不仅明确提出了改革目标，而且建立了自上而下的一整套精准扶贫体系，体现了以人民利益为重的改革思维。

Third, to gauge the success of reform, one must take the people's interests as the criterion.

The people have always been at the centre of all reforms in China. This was true with the household contract system at the beginning of China's reform and opening up. This remains true as China deepens reform across the board today. The intension and the goal of China's reform have always been to ensure that the people live happier, safer and have a stronger sense of achievements.

Recent reform measures all answer to the aspiration of the people that involves their interests directly. To name a few, these include targeted poverty alleviation, urbanisation of the population, environmental improvements, streamlining of administration, delegation of powers, and property rights protection.

Take targeted poverty reduction for example. In the past five years, more than 60 million people have been lifted out of poverty, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2% to less than 4%. China has not only set clear goals for poverty reduction but also established a complete system of contribution from both the central and local government departments. This fully reflects that China puts the people's interests first in its reform.