（十）建立刑事被害人救助制度

　　近年来，中国积极探索建立对刑事被害人的救助制度，对遭受犯罪行为侵害、无法及时获得有效赔偿、生活陷入困境，特别是因遭受严重暴力犯罪侵害，导致严重伤残甚至死亡的刑事被害人或其近亲属，由国家给予适当资助。各地根据经济社会发展状况，确定刑事被害人救助的具体标准和范围，并将刑事被害人救助工作与落实法律援助、社会保障等相关制度相衔接，完善了刑事被害人权益保障体系。2009—2011年，司法机关共向25996名刑事被害人发放救助金3.5亿余元人民币，提供法律援助11593件。

四、提高司法能力

10. Establishment of Assistance System for Crime Victims

In recent years, China has been actively exploring ways to establish an assistance system for crime victims. The government will provide appropriate financial support to crime victims who are not able to get effective and timely compensation, live in poverty and particularly to those violent crime victims who are severely injured, disabled or dead or to their immediate family members. The assistance standard and scope for crime victims shall be set in the light of the local economic and social conditions. The crime victim assistance work should be done in combination with related measures, such as legal assistance, judicial assistance and social security, improving the guarantee system for the rights and interests of crime victims. From 2009 to 2011, the judicial authorities issued assistance funds worth a total of 350 million yuan to 25,996 crime victims, and provided legal assistance in 11,593 cases. 

IV. Enhancing Judicial Capabilities

　　提高司法能力，是中国司法改革的重要目标。近年来，中国不断完善法律职业准入制度，加强职业教育培训和职业道德建设，改革经费保障体制，有效提高了司法能力，为提升司法公信力奠定了坚实基础。

　　实行统一的国家司法考试制度。中国建立并不断完善国家司法考试制度，将初任法官、初任检察官、取得律师资格和担任公证员的考试纳入国家司法考试。作为法律职业准入的国家司法考试制度，在规范法律职业人员任职资格、提高司法人员综合素质、推动法律人员职业化方面发挥了重要作用。自2002年起，国家司法考试每年举办一次，由国家统一组织实施，实现了法律职业准入制度由分散到统一的转变。到2011年底，全国共有近50万人通过国家司法考试，取得法律职业资格。

Improving judicial capabilities is an important goal of China's judicial reform. In recent years, China has continuously improved its qualification system for the legal profession, strengthened occupational and ethical training, and improved its funding guarantee, thus effectively improving judicial capabilities and laying a solid foundation for enhancing the public credibility of the judiciary.

Implementing a unified national judicial examination system. China has established and constantly improved its national judicial examination system by incorporating qualification examinations for junior judges, junior prosecutors, lawyers and notaries. The national judicial examination system for access to the legal profession plays an important role in regulating qualifications for legal personnel, improving the overall quality of judicial staff and promoting the professionalism of legal personnel. Since 2002, the national judicial examination has been held annually. Organized and implemented nationwide, it has evolved into a unified system for access to the legal profession. By the end of 2011, nearly 500,000 people had passed the national judicial examination and were qualified to work in the field of law.