（四）加强司法民主

　　作为审判机关的人民法院和法律监督机关的人民检察院，同样需要发扬民主，确保公正司法。中国积极建立和完善人民陪审员制度和人民监督员制度，为发展社会主义民主政治、实现人民群众依法参与国家事务管理提供了重要保障。

　　完善人民陪审员制度。人民陪审员制度是社会公众依法直接参与和监督司法的重要方式。2004年中国的立法机关颁布了《关于完善人民陪审员制度的决定》，拓宽人民陪审员的选任来源，从社会各阶层、各领域广泛选任，采用在名册中随机抽取的方式确定参审案件的人民陪审员。人民陪审员除在合议庭中不得担任审判长外，同法官享有同等权力，对事实认定、法律适用独立行使表决权。各级法院还围绕陪审职责开展以审判程序、职业技能、法治理念等为主要内容的培训，提高人民陪审员履职能力。

4. Enhancing Judicial Democracy

The people's courts as the judicial organs and the people's procuratorates as the legal supervisory organs also need to promote democracy to ensure judicial impartiality. China is striving to establish and improve the systems of people's jurors and people's supervisors. This provides a significant guarantee for developing socialist democratic politics, and realizing the people's participation in the administration of state affairs in accordance with the law.

Improving the system of people's jurors. The system of people's jurors is a major way for the public to directly participate in and supervise judicial work. In 2004, China's legislative organ promulgated the Decision on Improving the System of People's Jurors. The state has expanded the sources of people's jurors to all walks of life, and determine the people's jurors for cases by random selection from the rosters. In a collegiate panel, people's jurors have the same power as the judges, except that they cannot serve as chief judges, and exercise the right to vote independently for the findings of fact and the application of law. The people's courts at all levels have held training sessions for people's jurors, mainly focusing on judicial procedure, professional skills and awareness of the rule of law, so as to improve their capability to perform their duties.

　　探索建立人民监督员制度。2003年，最高人民检察院启动人民监督员制度试点工作；2010年10月，人民监督员制度在全国检察机关全面推行。通过从社会各界选任人民监督员，依照监督程序对人民检察院办理职务犯罪案件过程中出现的应当立案而不立案、不应当立案而立案、拟撤销案件、拟不起诉等情形进行监督与评议。从2003年10月至2011年底，各地人民监督员共监督案件35514件，提出不同意人民检察院原拟定意见的有1653件，其中908件的人民监督员表决意见被人民检察院采纳，占54.93%。

　　（五）加强检察机关的法律监督

　　人民检察院作为国家的法律监督机关，对侦查、审判、执行等司法活动进行法律监督。中国将加强对司法权的监督制约作为改革重点，并推出加强法律监督一系列举措。

The graphics shows cases with the Participation of People's Jurors from 2006 to 2011, according to China's white paper on judicial reform published by the Information Office of the State Council on Oct. 9, 2012. (Xinhua) 

(Table 1. Cases with the Participation of People's Jurors 2006-2011) 

Attempt to establish the system of people's supervisors. In 2003, the Supreme People's Procuratorate launched a pilot program to establish the system of people's supervisors. In October 2010, this system is comprehensively implemented in procuratorial organs throughout the country. People's supervisors are selected from all walks of life who supervise and assess, according to supervisory procedures, the following situations in power-abuse cases handled by the people's procuratorates: failure in putting a case on file for investigation, wrongfully putting a case on file for investigation, and withdrawing a case or stopping prosecution. From October 2003 to the end of 2011, people's supervisors in China supervised 35,514 cases, and gave opinions different from the original ones of the people's procuratorates in 1,653 cases. People's supervisors' votes in 908 cases were adopted by the people's procuratorates, accounting for 54.93% of the total.

5. Strengthening Legal Supervision by Procuratorial Organs

The people's procuratorates exercise legal supervision over judicial activities, such as investigation, trial and execution. China sets enhancing supervision over judicial power as the focus of its judicial reform, and has taken a range of measures to strengthen legal supervision.