规范发回重审和指定再审。为解决司法实践中发回重审、指令再审程序中存在的不规范问题，2012年修改的民事诉讼法明确规定，原审人民法院对发回重审的案件作出判决后，当事人提起上诉的，第二审人民法院不得再次发回重审。2012年修改的刑事诉讼法规定，指令下级法院再审的刑事案件，原则上由原审法院以外的其他法院审理。

　　规范完善统一的民事、行政案件执行工作体制。法院生效判决和裁定的充分有效执行，事关当事人合法权益的切实保障和司法权威。近年来，各地法院普遍建立了与公安、检察、金融、国土、建设、工商、出入境管理等部门密切配合的执行联动机制。法院实行执行裁决权与执行实施权分立。高级、中级人民法院建立执行指挥中心，统一管理和协调执行工作，必要时实行提级、跨区执行。执行体制改革进一步加强了执行权运行的内部制约，提高了执行工作的公正和规范化水平，有效保护了当事人合法权益。

Standardizing the retrial of remanded cases and designated cases. To correct the irregular practices in the procedures regarding retrial of remanded cases and designated cases, the Civil Procedure Law amended in 2012 revised and improved the procedure for the retrial of remanded cases. The new provisions clearly state that after the original people's court makes its ruling in the retrial of a remanded case, if the litigant makes an appeal, the people's court of second instance shall not send the case back for a retrial. The Criminal Procedure Law, amended in 2012, articulates that a criminal case designated for retrial by a lower-level people's court shall be tried by one other than the original court in principle.

Regularizing and improving a unified execution mechanism for civil and administrative cases. Full and effective execution of a judgment or verdict given by the court bears on effective protection of the lawful rights of all parties involved and the expression of judicial authority. In recent years, local people's courts have established a mechanism of execution that works closely with departments in charge of public security, procuratorial work, finance, land resources, construction, business and commerce, as well as exit-entry administration. The people's courts exercise separation of jurisdiction from execution. The higher and intermediate people's courts have established execution command centers for unified management and coordination of execution, and, when necessary, can have their power elevated or allow them to carry out the execution beyond the prescribed region. The reform of the execution system has further strengthened the internal checks on the exercise of execution power, promoted impartial and standardized execution, and effectively protected the legitimate rights of the parties concerned.