人民法院、人民检察院依法独立公正行使审判权和检察权，行使权力情况接受人大监督，并自觉接受人民政协的民主监督和社会的监督。

　　人民法院、人民检察院和公安机关办理刑事案件，实行分工负责，互相配合，互相制约，以保证准确有效地执行法律。对刑事案件的侦查、拘留、执行逮捕、预审，由公安机关负责；检察、批准逮捕、检察机关直接受理的案件的侦查、提起公诉，由人民检察院负责；审判由人民法院负责。

　　（二）中国司法改革的目标、原则和进程

The people's court and the people's procuratorate exercise their adjudicative power and procuratorial power independently and impartially in accordance with the law. Their exercise of power is subject to the supervision of the National People's Congress, the Chinese People' s Political Consultative Conference and the general public.

The people's courts, the people's procuratorates and the organs of public security handle criminal cases according to their respective functions, and collaborate with and check each other, so as to ensure the accurate and efficient implementation of law. The organs of public security take charge of the investigation, detention, arrest and pretrial in criminal cases; the people's procuratorates conduct procuratorial work, approve proposals for arrest, investigate cases directly accepted by them, and initiate public prosecution; and the people's courts are responsible for conducting trials. 

2. Objectives, Principles and Process of China's Judicial Reform

　　改革开放以来，中国经济社会快速发展，社会公众的法治意识显著增强，司法环境发生深刻变化，司法工作遇到许多新情况、新问题，现行司法体制和工作机制中存在的不完善、不适应问题日益凸显，需要在改革中逐步完善和发展。

　　中国司法改革的根本目标是保障人民法院、人民检察院依法独立公正地行使审判权和检察权，建设公正高效权威的社会主义司法制度，为维护人民群众合法权益、维护社会公平正义、维护国家长治久安提供坚强可靠的司法保障。

Since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policies, China has witnessed rapid economic and social development, and the public's awareness of the importance of the rule of law has been remarkably enhanced. Due to the profound changes in the judicial environment, judicial work in China is facing new situations and problems. The defects and rigidity in China's current judicial system and its work mechanism are becoming increasingly prominent, and they need to be improved gradually through reform.

The fundamental objectives of China's judicial reform are to ensure that the people's courts and people's procuratorates exercise adjudicative power and procuratorial power fairly and independently; to establish an impartial, efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system; and to provide solid and reliable judicial guarantee for safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the people, social equity and justice, and lasting national stability.