五、合力推进减贫事业

　　减贫是一项系统性工程，需要一系列政策机制的支撑保障和全社会的积极参与。2012年以来，中国政府继续加大扶贫减贫投入力度，不断改革创新扶贫减贫工作机制，引导鼓励社会各方面参与支持脱贫攻坚，进一步健全完善民主监督机制，切实提高减贫实效。

　　财政扶贫投入力度不断加大。2012年以来，中国政府积极调整财政支出结构，持续加大投入力度，完善财政扶贫政策体系。2011-2015年，中央财政累计安排专项扶贫资金1898.4亿元，年均增长14.5%，并安排专项彩票公益金50.25亿元，支持贫困革命老区推进扶贫开发。积极创新财政扶贫体制机制，加强财政扶贫资金管理。发挥财政投入的杠杆作用，通过市场化机制撬动金融资本支持易地扶贫搬迁工程。

V. Concerted Efforts in Poverty Reduction

Poverty reduction is a systematic project entailing a set of supporting policies and mechanisms as well as full participation of the entire society. Since 2012 the Chinese government has kept up funding for poverty alleviation and reduction, implemented reforms and innovations to the working mechanism, encouraged all sectors of society to participate in poverty alleviation efforts, and improved the democratic supervision mechanism to ensure the effectiveness of poverty reduction. 

Government funding for poverty alleviation keeps increasing. Since 2012 the government has proactively adjusted its fiscal expenditure structure to increase funding for poverty reduction and worked to improve the fiscal policy system for poverty alleviation funding. From 2011 to 2015, the government assigned special poverty alleviation funds amounting to RMB189.84 billion, with an average annual growth rate of 14.5 percent; it also assigned RMB5.03 billion from public lottery welfare funds to support anti-poverty development in disadvantaged former revolutionary base areas. Moreover, the government has created innovative fiscal systems and mechanisms for poverty alleviation, strengthened management of government funds for poverty alleviation, and through government funding and the market system leveraged financial capital in support of population relocation projects for poverty alleviation.

　　金融扶贫方式创新发展。精准对接脱贫攻坚融资需求与贫困地区发展规划，满足特色产业扶贫、易地扶贫搬迁、贫困人口就业就学的金融需求。创新发展扶贫小额信贷，为建档立卡贫困户提供“5万以下、3年以内、免担保免抵押、基准利率放贷、财政扶贫资金贴息、县建风险补偿金”的扶贫小额信贷产品，支持贫困户发展产业，增加收入，截至2015年年底，已向贫困户发放1200亿元。大力推进贫困地区普惠金融发展，完善农村支付服务环境，推进支付服务进村入户。完善精准扶贫金融支持保障措施，设立扶贫再贷款，实行比支农再贷款更优惠的利率，发挥多种货币政策工具作用，引导金融资源向贫困地区、贫困人口倾斜配置。探索保险扶贫的路径。

　　扶贫开发用地政策进一步完善。调整完善土地利用总体规划,充分考虑扶贫开发及易地扶贫搬迁需要，统筹安排建设用地规模、结构和布局，优先安排脱贫攻坚用地。出台更加灵活的国土资源管理政策。按照应保尽保要求，加大对扶贫开发及易地扶贫搬迁地区城乡建设用地增减挂钩指标支持，符合条件的节余指标可在省域范围内流转使用。增减挂钩收益按照工业反哺农业、城市支持农村的要求，及时全部返还贫困地区。对中西部少数民族地区和集中连片特困地区利用荒山、荒沟、荒丘、荒滩发展休闲农业，建设用地指标给予倾斜。

Poverty alleviation funding methods have been innovated. The government has taken targeted funding measures to meet both specific financing needs for poverty alleviation and the specific requirements of development programs in impoverished areas. It has also worked to meet the financial needs of poverty alleviation through developing local industries with special characteristics, relocating people from impoverished areas, and providing employment and schooling for the impoverished population. To support the poor in developing their businesses and increasing incomes, the government has developed innovative methods of microfinance that provide registered poor households with collateral-free small loans, up to RMB50,000 on a three-year term, at benchmark interest rates, with interest rates subsidy from government poverty alleviation funds and risk compensation from county-level funds. Poor households had received small loans of RMB120 billion by the end of 2015. China has endeavored to promote inclusive finance in impoverished areas and improve the payment service systems in rural areas to reach out to villages and households. The government has improved targeted financial measures for poverty alleviation, set up a poverty alleviation relending program, which offers loans to the poor at even lower interest rates than those of the agricultural relending program, leveraged multiple financial policy tools, and directed more financial resources to the impoverished areas and people. The government has also explored methods to alleviate poverty through insurance.

Land use policy toward development for poverty alleviation has been further improved. The state has adjusted and improved overall land use planning, taking into full account the need for development-oriented poverty alleviation and the need for population relocation as a method of poverty alleviation, and has taken a holistic approach to planning the scale, structure and distribution of land used for construction, giving priority to land used for poverty alleviation. More flexible policies toward the administration of land resources have been adopted. To ensure all needs relating to poverty alleviation are covered, in the process of development-oriented poverty alleviation and population relocation the government has reinforced support for linking the increase in land quota for urban construction with the decrease in land quota for rural construction, allowing any valid surplus quota to circulate within each province. According to the principle of industry nurturing agriculture and cities supporting rural areas, the benefits from the linking have been promptly returned to impoverished areas. The state has given policy support in terms of construction land quotas to areas in western and central China inhabited by ethnic minorities, and to contiguous impoverished areas with serious difficulties, in order to use unproductive hills, valleys, mounds and wasteland to develop agritourism.