贫困儿童权利保障力度不断加大。国家制定并落实《中国儿童发展纲要（2011-2020年）》《国家贫困地区儿童发展规划（2014-2020年）》，健全完善留守儿童关爱服务体系、困境儿童分类保障和救助保护机制。落实《国务院关于加强农村留守儿童关爱保护工作的意见》，推进城乡社区“儿童之家”和“儿童快乐家园”建设，各地以儿童之家和儿童快乐家园为依托开展关爱服务活动15.8万项，受益农村留守儿童人数达1312.9万人次。落实《国务院关于加强困境儿童保障工作的意见》，各地出台困境儿童分类管理办法，根据不同儿童群体需求特点，分类型设置标准，分标准实施保障，加强困境儿童保障水平。落实《国务院关于孤儿保障工作的意见》，全面建立全国孤儿基本生活保障制度和艾滋病病毒感染儿童生活保障制度，中央财政每年安排20亿元，保障50多万名孤独和艾滋病病毒感染儿童的基本生活，并对他们的医疗、教育、康复及成年后就业、住房等做了制度性安排。实施“全国孤儿手术康复明天计划”，累计投入资金8.6亿元，为9万多名孤儿、弃婴和贫困儿童免费实施手术矫治和康复。贯彻《国务院办公厅关于加强流浪未成年人救助保护工作的意见》，开展“接送流浪孩子回家”和“流浪孩子回校园”专项行动，基本杜绝胁迫、诱骗、利用未成年人乞讨现象。广泛开展适度普惠型儿童福利保障制度和未成年人社会保护试点工作，推动构建未成年人救助保护制度，推动建立县、乡、村三级儿童福利和保护工作网络。自2011年起，全国超过1/2的县实施了农村义务教育学生营养改善计划，按照每生每天4元标准为贫困地区提供营养膳食补助，中央财政累计投入670亿元，惠及3360万农村学生。自2012年起，实施贫困地区儿童营养改善项目，为6-24月龄婴幼儿免费提供营养包，提高监护人科学喂养知识普及程度和家庭教育水平，促进贫困地区婴幼儿健康发育成长。2015年，该项目由中央财政专项补助经费5亿元，覆盖21个省（区、市）14个国家集中连片特困地区的341个县，共211万名儿童受益。

Protection of poor children's rights has been enhanced. The government has formulated and carried out the Program for the Development of Chinese Children (2011-2020) and the National Program for the Development of Children in Poor Areas (2014-2020), improving the system of care services for "left-behind" children (see note) and the mechanism of classified services for children living in difficult circumstances, providing them with rescue and protection.

[note: Children who remain at home while their parents travel as migrant workers to pursue employment.]

The government has implemented the Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening Care and Protection of Rural Left-Behind Children. In this process, it has advanced the building of "children's homes" and "children's happy homes" in urban and rural communities, based on which 158,000 care service actions have been carried out around China, benefiting 13.13 million "left-behind" children. The government has carried out the Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening Care and Protection of Children in Difficulty. During the process, local governments have introduced measures of classified management of children in difficulty, under which, based on the needs and characteristics of different groups, standards are set by category and measures are enforced based on these standards to increase the level of guarantee for children living in difficulty.

The government has implemented the Opinions of the State Council on Strengthening Care and Protection of Orphans, on the basis of which a nationwide subsistence allowance system for orphans and a living allowance system for HIV-affected children have been established. To this end, the central government allocates RMB2 billion every year, ensuring the basic life needs of more than 500,000 orphans and HIV-infected children and making institutional arrangements concerning their medical care, education, and rehabilitation, and their employment, housing and other needs when they grow up.

The government has launched the National Tomorrow Program on Surgery and Rehabilitation for Orphans with Disabilities, with an accumulated fund of RMB860 million, offering free surgery and rehabilitation services to 90,000 orphans, abandoned babies, and poor children.

The government has implemented the Opinions of the General Office of the State Council on Strengthening Rescue and Protection of Homeless Minors, launching special campaigns to "send street children home" and "help street children back to school," while striving to ensure that no minors are used for begging or forced or tricked into begging. It has also extensively introduced an appropriate and all-inclusive welfare and service system for children and carried out experimental work on encouraging social protection of minors, and promoted the establishment of a system for rescuing and protecting minors and a children's welfare and protection network at the county, township and village levels. Since 2011, more than half of China's counties have implemented a program of nutrition improvement for rural students receiving compulsory education, offering a nutritious meal allowance of RMB4 per day per student in impoverished areas; the central government has input a total of RMB67 billion benefiting 33.6 million rural students. Since 2012 the government has carried out a nutrition improvement program for children in poor areas, providing free nutrition packages to infants aged six to 24 months, and popularizing knowledge on healthy feeding among guardians and improving their family education; by this method it has promoted healthy growth and development of infants and young children in poor areas. In 2015, the central government allocated specialized subsidies of RMB500 million to this program, benefiting 2.11 million children in 341 counties in 14 contiguous impoverished areas in 21 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government.