所谓简单句的合译,系指把英语的两个或两个以上相邻的、且有句号隔开的简单句合并译成汉语的一个单句或包含两个或两个以上分句的一个句子,这一般适应于以下几种情况。
一、句间有补述关系
有时,英语前后两个句子的语义关联非常紧密,不可分割。最常见的是后句对前句的内容进行解释、说明和总结性的补述。此时为了完整,系统地表达出原意,可把原文的几个独立句合译为汉语一句中的几个分句。例如:
1) The ants have a good many enemies. They include birds, bears, and "ant-eaters" of various kinds.
蚂蚁有许多天敌,其中包括鸟、熊和各种“食蚁兽”。
2) Halley made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in 1531, 1607,and 1682 had the same orbit.
哈雷意外地发现,1531,1607和1682年出现的几颗彗星 的运行轨道是相同的。
3) So far, about 15,000 people in the United States have been diagnosed as having AIDS. Over half of these people have already died.
到目前为止,美国已有约15,000人被确诊患有艾滋病, 其中一半以上已经死亡。
4) Cast- iron contains small proportions of other substances. These nonmetallic constituents of cast-iron include carbon, silicon and sulphur.
铸铁含有少量非金属成分,其中有碳、硅和硫。
5) Ionium and thorium have different atomic weights. Neither atomic weight is a whole number.
锾和钍的原子量不同,而且都不是整数。
两个英语简单句合译成汉语一个句子后,有时要减译原文中的某些词语,但减词不能减意。
二、句间有并列关系
有时,英语中相邻的两个简单句在意义上存在并列关系,两者的地位是同等的。此时可把这两个简单句合译成汉语一个并列句中的两个分句。例如:
6) Some kinds of arthritis are caused by injury. Some forms of arthritis are caused by infections. And the causes of some forms of arthritis --- such as rheumatoid arthritis ---remain a mystery.
有些关节炎是伤痛造成的,有些则是由感染引起的,还有些(如风湿性关节炎)病因尚未查清。