4. The specification of patent No. 1, 012, 025 describes and claims a body of polycrystalline dielectric ceramic material having a lead zirconate-lead titanate-lead stannate composition falling within the area ABCEF of the triaxial diagram 1d of the drawings accompanying this specification and containing at least one substiutional additive ingredient selected from the group consisting of elements having respective ionic radii sufficiently close to the ionic radius of one of the elements lead，tin，titanium，zirconium and oxygen to permit of substitution ，and a valence state differing from that of said one element by less than three units, the aggregate quantity of additive ingredient amounting to from 0.1 to 5 percent of the replaced ion on an atom basis, each additive ingredient present in said material being in ionic form and substituting for a finite percentage of the ions of a particular one of the elements lead，tin，titanium，zirconium and oxygen with respect to which it conforms with regard to ionic radius and valence state, said additive ingredient replacing a quantity of said elements having in the aggregate an equal number of valence units.

 

第1012052号专利的说明书描述并要求保护一组含有锆酸铅一钛酸铅一锡酸铅组合物的多晶陶瓷介质材料，该组合物在说明书附图1d三元相图中处于ABCEF的区域内，该组合物至少还含有一种置换添加物，这种添加物选自以下元素：其离子半径应足够接近于铅、锡、钛、锆和氧这些元素中任一种的离子半径，以利于互相置换；其与所述元素的化合价之差应小于三价。该添加物的总量为被替换离子的0.1% -5%。上述材料中的每种添加物是以离子的形式存在的，它以一定的百分数置换铅、锡、 钛、锆、氧中的某一元素的离子，添加物在离子半价的价数上必须类似于上述任一元素，并且置换添加物的量与被置换的元素在总体上具有相等的化合价数。

 

(说明：这是一个长句，将近200个单词。它是由两个简单句构成：一个主句，一个定语从句。全句有介词33个，现在分词12个，过去分词6个，动词不定式1个，形容词短语2个， 连接词and 7个。下面分析一下这个句子的主要语法结构：①ceramic material有两个现在分词短语作定语，一个是having a lead zirconate...，另一个是 containing at least...。②having respective ionic radii中的having有两个宾语，一个是这里的radii，另一个是距离较远的and a valence state。③此句有3个分词独立结构，即: a) the aggregate quantity... amounting to...； b) each additive ingredient... being in... and substituting for a finite...； c ) said additive ingredient... having in the aggregate...)

 

在专利文献中，像这样的长句是经常可以碰到的。这时，要特别注意现在分词、过去分词作定语，分词独立结构作状语，以及and所连接的是哪些同等成分等问题。

 

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