Enthesopathy: clinical manifestations, imaging and treatment
起止点病的临床表现、影像与治疗
Content:
1) Enthesitis is a distinctive pathological feature of spondyloarthropathy and may involve synovial joints, cartilaginous joints, syndesmoses and extra-articular entheses.
起止点炎是一种独特的脊椎关节病病理特征，可累及滑膜关节、软骨关节、韧带与关节外起止点。
2) This review focuses on peripheral extra-articular enthesitis which is a clinical hallmark of spondyloarthropathy.
本文主要综述构成脊椎关节病临床特征的外周关节外起止点炎。
3) The entheses of the lower limbs are more frequently involved than those of the upper limbs, and heel enthesitis is the most frequent.
下肢起止点受累多于上肢，而跟骨起止点炎最为常见。
4) Entheseal pain may be mild or moderate as well as severe and disabling.
起止点类的疼痛有轻度、重度甚至丧失活动能力不等。
5) Peripheral enthesitis may be observed in all forms of spondyloarthropathy, including the undifferentiated ones, and may for a long time be the only long-standing clinical manifestation of the B27-associated disease process.
所有脊椎关节病均可见有外周起止点炎（包括未鉴别诊断者），并可能是B27相关疾病过程中长期存在的唯一常见表现。
6) Various imaging methods have been suggested for studying peripheral enthesitis.
有人建议用各种影像方法检查外周起止点类。
7) Ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most useful because they may show alterations of the structures involved.
超声与核磁共振因可揭示有关结构改变，故其作用最大。
8) Therapy of peripheral enthesitis consists of NSAIDs, orthoses and physical therapy.
外周起止点炎的治疗包括NSAIDs、娇正法、物理疗法。
9) Steroid injections, second line drugs such as sulphasalazine and radiotherapy are reserved for more severe cases.
类固醇注射、柳氨磺胺吡啶之类二线药物与放射疗法用于治疗严重病例。
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