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中医典籍中常用副词的翻译举例
2017-09-16 08:29:54    etogether.net    网络    

 


“再”在古代汉语里指两次,即行为又重复一次,它不指三次和三次以上。例如:
(1)平人曰再后。(《灵枢•平人绝谷》)
译文:People generally deficate twice a day.
“平人”本指“普通人”,若直译作common people与原文虽形式吻合,意义却大不相同。因为英语中的common people (普通老百姓)是与“大人物”相对而言的。所以若将原文译作Common people dcficatc twice a day (老百姓每天大便两次),可能意味着 Important people deficate once or more than twice a day (大人物每天大便一次或两次以上)。所以这里将“平人”译作people generally (人们通常),其语义与原文较为吻合。
古汉语表示行为反复出现时,不用“再”字,而用“复”字。 例如:
(2)邪气入深,刺此病者,深内而久留之,间日而复剌之。 (《灵枢•终始》)
译文:As to the diseases with deep in vasion of pathogenic factors,needles should be inserted deeply and retained for a fairly long time,repeating once every other day.
译文说明:
“留针”可译作 the needles retained。
“间日而复刺之”即“隔一天刺一次”,译文以伴随状语形式将其译为 repeating once every other day。every other day 即“隔日”之意。
(3) 精胜则当能食,而不复热。(《素问•评热病论》)
“精胜”指“正气旺盛”。
译文:With normoqi vigourous (people or patients) can take food and do not run a fever. 如果考虑到原文的结构形式,亦可译作:
With the essence (精)in vigour, (people or patients) can take food and do not run a fever any more.
“而不复热”之“复”译作any more

5.且
古汉语中的“且”即可用作副词,又可用作连词。用作副词的意思是“将要”,如:
(1) 病之且死。(《素问•玉机真藏论》)
译文:(The patient) is so ill that he is dying.
(2) 何以知怀子之且生也。(《素问•腹中论》)
译文:How do you (or can we) know that she is pregnant and is going to labour?
(3) 虽有大过且至,工不能禁也。(《素问•离合真邪论》)
译文:Although more serious pathogenic conditions are going to appear, doctors can not prevent them from coming on.
“大过”这里指大的病邪,译作more serious pathogenic condi- dcms算是浅化译法了。“工”这里指医家,所以译作doctor。
“且”用作连词时常常连用,构成“且…且…”结构,意思是 “又…又…”例如;
(a) 病在诸阳脉,且寒且热。(《素问•长刺节论》)
译文;Diseases concerned with all yang meridians are characterised by alternate coldness and fever.
这里“且寒且热”(即又寒又热)译作alternate coldness and fever (一会寒一会热)是比较准确的。若译作simultaneous coldness and fever (同时寒热)逻辑上就讲不通了。
 


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