今天我讲的话题是语言与文化的内在关系，重点讲第二语言学习与第二文化学习之间的关系及其重要意义。
文化是指一个民族的整个生活方式。这一简单定义的含义使文化包括了这样一些内容，即一个民族的风俗、传统、社会习惯、价值观、信仰、语言、思维方式以及日常活动，它们都属于文化的范畴。文化还包含了文明史。从广义上说，有两种文化，即物质文化和精神文化。物质文化是具体的、可见的，而精神文化则比较蕴蓄，比较抽象。
My topic today is the inherent link between language and culture. I will focus on the relationship between second language learning and second culture learning, as well as on the significance of the relationship.
Culture means the total way of life of a people. This simple definition implies. that culture refers to the customs, traditions,
social habits, values, beliefs, language, ways of thinking, and daily activities of a people. It also includes the history of civilization. In the broad sense, there are two types of culture, that is, material culture and spiritual culture. Material culture is concrete and observable, while spiritual culture is implicit and abstract.
由于人类语言是文化的直接表现，所以学习第二语言涉及学习第二文化。第二语言教师应该引导学生注意并了解他们所学语言的文化内容，包括理解外族文化的价值观，掌握外族文化的礼仪，了解外族文化与本族文化之间的差异。
随着学生对外语学习的不断深化，他们会增进对所学语言民族的文化特征的认识。这种开阔了的文化认识可以涉及文化的所有方面：外族人的生活方式，外族社会的地理、历史、经济、艺术和科学等内容。我们知道，每个民族的文化有不同于其他民族文化的礼仪规范。因此，学生在上外语课时应该学习目标语民族的那些恰当得体的礼仪规范，学习、理解陌生的文化习俗，学习在与外族人交际时
应有的言谈举止。
Because human language is a direct manifestation of culture, learning a second language involves learning a second culture. For the teacher of a second language, he or she should make sure to develop the students'awareness and knowledge of the culture of the target language they are learning. This includes understanding the values of the target culture, acquiring a command of the etiquette of the target culture and understanding the differences between the target culture and the learners' own culture.
As students progress through a foreign language program, it is expected that they will increase their awareness of the cultural characteristics of the speakers of the language under study. This broadened cultural knowledge may touch on all aspects of culture: the people's way of life as well as the geographic, historical, economic, artistic, and scientific aspects of the target society. We know that each culture has different etiquette patterns. And therefore, in a foreign language course, students should learn the appropriate etiquette patterns expected of the people living in the country where the target language is spoken. Students should also learn how to interpret unfamiliar cultural conventions and how to act appropriately when communicating with the persons of the foreign culture.
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