调整作战部队编成，重构新型作战力量。陆军原18个集团军整合重组为13个集团军。在全军主要作战部队实行“军－旅－营”体制，充实兵种作战力量，减少指挥层级，降低合成重心。增加特种作战、立体攻防、两栖作战、远海防卫、战略投送等新型作战力量，推动部队编成向充实、合成、多能、灵活方向发展。
优化院校力量布局，重构军事科研体系。解放军和武警部队原有77所院校整合为44所，重塑国防大学、国防科技大学。成立军委军事科学研究指导委员会，调整组建新的军事科学院、军种研究院，形成以军事科学院为龙头、军兵种科研机构为骨干、院校和部队科研力量为辅助的军事科研力量布局。
Reorganizing the troops and rebuilding new-type combat forces. The previous 18 group armies have been reorganized into 13 new ones. All major combat units of the PLA follow a group army-brigade-battalion system. Reform measures have been taken to reinforce the combat capacity of the arms, reduce the command hierarchies and combine the troops at lower levels. New types of combat forces have been enhanced to conduct special operations, all-dimensional offense and defense, amphibious operations, far seas protection and strategic projection, aiming to make the force composition complete, combined, multi-functional and flexible.
Rebalancing and reorganizing military educational and research institutions. The PLA and the PAP have restructured the previous 77 universities and colleges into 44. The National Defense University (NDU) and the National University of Defense Technology (NUDT) have been reorganized. China’s armed forces have established the CMC Steering Committee on Military Scientific Research and reorganized the Academy of Military Sciences (AMS) and the research institutes of the services. Thus, the military scientific research forces have been rebalanced with the AMS as the lead, the research institutes of the services and arms as the main forces, and the research components in educational institutions and the troops as supplements.
推进军事政策制度改革
坚持战斗力标准，着眼调动军事人员积极性、主动性、创造性，整体设计和推进军事政策制度改革，建立健全中国特色社会主义军事政策制度体系。
深化军队党的建设制度改革，维护党中央权威和集中统一领导，确保党对军队绝对领导。制定《关于加强新时代军队党的建设的决定》等法规制度，推进完善军队党的政治建设、思想建设、组织建设、作风建设、纪律建设制度。
Reforming Military Policies and Institutions
China’s armed forces take combat effectiveness as the criterion in the reform of military policies and institutions and encourage the initiative, enthusiasm and creativity of all members of the armed forces. Reform is designed to build and improve the system of socialist military policies and institutions with Chinese characteristics.
They have deepened reform in the institutions for Party building in the military to uphold the authority of the CPCCC and its centralized and unified leadership, and ensure the absolute leadership of the CPC over the military. Rules and regulations including the Decision of China’s Armed Forces on Strengthening Party Building in the Military in the New Era have been formulated to improve the Party’s institutions in the military in order to enhance its political and theoretical buildup, consolidate organizations, improve conduct, and enforce discipline.
创新军事力量运用政策制度，有效保障全面履行新时代军队使命任务。制定《海上护航行动条例（试行）》等法规制度，推进完善军事战略指导制度、战备工作条例、联合作战法规等。
重塑军事力量建设政策制度，更好解放和发展战斗力。制定修订《国防交通法》《军事设施保护法》《文职人员条例》等法规制度，颁布实施新军事训练条例和军事训练大纲。推进建立军官职业化制度，优化军人待遇保障，健全军人荣誉体系，完善军事训练、装备发展、后勤建设、军事科研、国防动员等方面政策制度，加快推进军官法、兵役法等立法进程。
They have innovated in policies and institutions for military force employment in a bid to effectively perform all missions and tasks in the new era. Rules and regulations have been formulated including the Regulations on Vessel Protection Operations (Trial). The institutions of military strategic guidance, regulations on combat readiness duties, and rules and regulations on joint operations have all been optimized.
They have reformulated policies and institutions to further develop combat capabilities. Laws and regulations have been formulated and amended including the Law of the People’s Republic of China on National Defense Transportation, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Military Installations and the Regulations on Civilian Personnel in the Military. Newly-updated military training regulations and outlines have been promulgated. They have made progress in establishing the career officers system, optimizing the institutions of military welfare and support, improving the military honors system, and refining policies and institutions in training, equipment development, logistics, military research and national defense mobilization. Meanwhile, bigger legislative steps have been taken in relation to military officers and military service.
改革军事管理政策制度，提升军事系统运行效能，推动军队高质量发展。制定修订《内务条令（试行）》《纪律条令（试行）》《队列条令（试行）》《军事立法工作条例》等法规制度，推进战略管理、军费管理、军事司法等制度创新。
全面停止军队有偿服务。截至2018年6月，军队各级机关、部队及其所属事业单位从事的房地产租赁、农副业生产、招接待等15个行业的有偿服务活动基本停止，超过10万个有偿服务项目按期停止，累计停偿项目比例达到94%，军队不从事经营活动的目标基本实现。
They have reformed the policies and institutions for military management to elevate the efficacy of military systems and boost quality development of the military. Rules and regulations have been formulated including the newly-updated Regulations on Routine Service of the People’s Liberation Army (Trial), the Regulations on Discipline of the People’s Liberation Army (Trial), the Regulations on Formation of the People’s Liberation Army (Trial), and the Regulations on Military Legislation. China’s armed forces are enhancing institutional innovation in strategic management, defense expenditure management, and the military judicial system.
They have suspended all paid services. As of June, 2018, paid services provided by leading organs, operational units, and military-affiliated public institutions at all levels had been basically suspended, involving 15 sectors such as real estate lease, agricultural and associated products, and hospitality. Over 100,000 such projects have been suspended as scheduled, accounting for 94% of the total. The armed forces have achieved the goal of withdrawing from running businesses.
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