领导指挥体制改革是适应现代军队专业化分工和信息时代能打仗、打胜仗的要求，提高军队作战效能和建设效益的重大举措。按照“军委管总、战区主战、军种主建”原则，强化军委集中统一领导和战略指挥、战略管理功能，打破长期实行的总部体制、大军区体制、大陆军体制，构建新的军队领导管理和作战指挥体制。
调整组建新的军委机关部门。优化军委机关职能配置和机构设置，由过去的总参谋部、总政治部、总后勤部、总装备部四总部调整为军委机关15个职能部门，作为军委集中领导的参谋机关、执行机关、服务机关。指挥、建设、管理、监督等路径更加清晰，决策、规划、执行、评估等职能配置更加合理。
The reform in the leadership and command system is a significant measure in response to the call of a modern and specialized military capable of fighting and winning wars in the information age, aiming to improve the operational effectiveness and development efficiency of the military. Adhering to the general principle of “the CMC exercising overall leadership, the TCs responsible for military operations and the services focusing on developing capabilities”, the PLA endeavors to enhance the CMC’s centralized and unified leadership and its functions of strategic command and strategic management. The PLA has dismantled the long-established systems of general departments, military area commands (MAC) and the force composition with a dominating land force, and established new leadership, management and operational command systems.
Reorganizing and establishing new CMC functional organs. To optimize the functional and institutional setup of the CMC organs, the former General Staff Headquarters, General Political Department, General Logistics Department and General Armaments Department have been reshuffled into 15 organs under the centralized CMC leadership to advise, execute and serve. Thus, the chains of command, development, management and supervision are more streamlined, and the responsibilities of decision-making, planning, execution and assessment are more properly delegated.
完善军兵种领导管理体制。整合原四总部的陆军建设职能，成立陆军领导机构；整合各军种和军委机关的战略支援力量，成立战略支援部队；第二炮兵更名为火箭军；整合主要承担通用保障任务的战略战役力量，成立联勤保障部队，构建起“中央军委－军种－部队”的领导管理体系。
建立健全联合作战指挥体制。健全军委联合作战指挥机构，组建战区联合作战指挥机构，形成平战一体、常态运行、专司主营、精干高效的联合作战指挥体系。撤销沈阳、北京、兰州、济南、南京、广州、成都7个大军区，成立东部、南部、西部、北部、中部5个战区。通过改革，构建起“中央军委－战区－部队”的作战指挥体系。
Improving the leadership and management system for services and arms. The PLA has:
•Established the PLAA leading organs by integrating the functions of the former general departments concerning the development of the land force;
•Established the PLASSF by combining strategic support forces across the services and CMC organs;
•Renamed the Second Artillery Force the PLARF; and
•Established the PLAJLSF by integrating strategic and campaign level forces mainly for general-purpose support.
Thus, a CMC-Services-Troops leadership and management system has been put in place.
Establishing and improving the joint operations command system. By improving the joint operations command organ of the CMC and setting up those at the theater level, the PLA has established a lean and efficient joint operations command system composed of permanent and specialized commanding establishments for both peacetime and wartime operations. The former Shenyang, Beijing, Lanzhou, Jinan, Nanjing, Guangzhou and Chengdu MACs have been reorganized into 5 TCs: Eastern Theater Command (ETC), Southern Theater Command (STC), Western Theater Command (WTC), Northern Theater Command (NTC), and Central Theater Command (CTC). Thus, a CMC-TCs-Troops operations command system has been established.
建立健全法治监督体系。组建新的军委纪律检查委员会（军委监察委员会），由中央军委直接领导，向军委机关部门和各战区派驻纪检组；组建新的军委政法委员会，按区域设置军事法院、军事检察院；组建军委审计署，改革审计监督体制，全部实行派驻审计，形成决策权、执行权、监督权既相互制约又相互协调的权力运行体系。
优化规模结构和力量编成
Building and improving the law-based supervision system. The Chinese military has established the CMC Discipline Inspection Commission (CMCDIC, also the CMC Supervision Commission, CMCSC) under the direct leadership of the CMC, and dispatched disciplinary inspection teams to the CMC functional organs and all TCs. It has set up the CMC Politics and Law Commission (CMCPLC) and established regional military courts and procuratorates. It has put into place the CMC Audit Office (CMCAO), reformed the audit-based oversight system, and implemented PLA-wide resident auditing. Thus, power is exercised in a way that decision-making, execution and supervision check each other and function in coordination.
Optimizing Size, Structure and Force Composition
规模结构和力量编成改革是推进军队组织形态现代化、构建中国特色现代军事力量体系的关键一步。按照调整优化结构、发展新型力量、理顺重大比例关系、压减数量规模的要求，推动军队由数量规模型向质量效能型、人力密集型向科技密集型转变。
调整军队规模比例，重塑力量结构布局。裁减军队员额30万，现役总员额减至200万。扩大士官和文职人员编配范围，压减各级机关编制，减少各级机关内设机构、领导层级和人员，精简文艺体育新闻出版、服务保障和院校、医疗、仓库、科研院所等机构和人员，团级以上机关人员减少约四分之一，非战斗单位人员压减近一半。大幅压减陆军现役员额，保持空军现役员额稳定，适度增加海军、火箭军现役员额，优化各军兵种内部力量结构。优化后备力量结构。调整作战力量部署，形成与维护新时代国家安全需要相适应的战略布局。
Reform in size, structure and force composition is a pivotal step to optimizing military organizational structure and establishing a modern military force structure with Chinese characteristics. Following the instruction to optimize structures, develop new-type forces, adjust proportions and reduce sizes, the PLA is striving to transform from a quantity-and-scale model to that of quality and efficiency, as well as from being personnel-intensive to one that is S&T-intensive.
Adjusting scale and proportion, and restructuring force composition. 300,000 personnel have been cut to keep the total active force at 2 million. Reform measures have been taken to transfer more officer positions to non-commissioned officers and civilian staff, downsize the leading organs at all levels by reducing their subordinate sections, leadership hierarchies and staff, and streamline the institutions and personnel in arts, sports, press, publication, logistical support, medical facilities, depots, and educational and research institutes. Thus, the number of personnel in the leading organs at and above regiment level has been cut by about 25%, and that of non-combat units by almost 50%. The PLA has significantly downsized the active force of the PLAA, maintained that of the PLAAF at a steady number, moderately increased that of the PLAN and PLARF, and optimized the force structures of all services and arms. The PLA has restructured the defense reserves. The deployment of combat forces has been adjusted for a strategic configuration that meets the demands of safeguarding China’s national security in the new era.
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