“一国两制”是一项开创性事业，对中央来说是治国理政的重大课题，对香港和香港同胞来说是重大历史转折。在香港特别行政区各项事业取得全面进步的同时，“一国两制”在香港的实践也遇到了新情况新问题，香港社会还有一些人没有完全适应这一重大历史转折，特别是对“一国两制”方针政策和基本法有模糊认识和片面理解。目前香港出现的一些在经济社会和政制发展问题上的不正确观点都与此有关。因此，要把“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践继续推向前进，必须从维护国家主权、安全、发展利益，保持香港长期繁荣稳定的根本宗旨出发，全面准确理解和贯彻“一国两制”方针政策，把坚持一国原则和尊重两制差异、维护中央权力和保障特别行政区高度自治权、发挥祖国内地坚强后盾作用和提高香港自身竞争力有机结合起来，任何时候都不能偏废。
(一)全面准确把握“一国两制”的含义
As a groundbreaking initiative, "one country, two systems" is a major issue of governance to the central leadership, and marks a major historical turning point for Hong Kong and Hong Kong people as well. While comprehensive progress has been made on all fronts in the HKSAR, the practice of "one country, two systems" has come to face new circumstances and new problems. Some people in Hong Kong have yet felt comfortable with the changes. Still some are even confused or lopsided in their understanding of "one country, two systems" and the Basic Law. Many wrong views that are currently rife in Hong Kong concerning its economy, society and development of its political structure are attributable to this. The continued practice of "one country, two systems" in Hong Kong requires that we proceed from the fundamental objectives of maintaining China's sovereignty, security and development interests and maintaining the long-term stability and prosperity of Hong Kong to fully and accurately understand and implement the policy of "one country, two systems," and holistically combine upholding the principle of "one country" with respecting the difference of "two systems," maintaining the power of the central government with ensuring the high degree of autonomy of the HKSAR, and letting the mainland play its role as a strong supporter of the HKSAR with improving the competitive edge of Hong Kong. In no circumstance should we do one thing and neglect the other.
1. Fully and Accurately Understanding the Meaning of "One Country, Two Systems"
“一国两制”是一个完整的概念。“一国”是指在中华人民共和国内，香港特别行政区是国家不可分离的部分，是直辖于中央人民政府的地方行政区域。中华人民共和国是单一制国家，中央政府对包括香港特别行政区在内的所有地方行政区域拥有全面管治权。香港特别行政区的高度自治权不是固有的，其唯一来源是中央授权。香港特别行政区享有的高度自治权不是完全自治，也不是分权，而是中央授予的地方事务管理权。高度自治权的限度在于中央授予多少权力，香港特别行政区就享有多少权力，不存在“剩余权力”。同时，宪法明确规定国家的根本制度是社会主义制度，并规定了国家的基本制度、领导核心和指导思想等制度和原则。坚持一国原则，最根本的是要维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，尊重国家实行的根本制度以及其他制度和原则。
“两制”是指在“一国”之内，国家主体实行社会主义制度，香港等某些区域实行资本主义制度。“一国”是实行“两制”的前提和基础，“两制”从属和派生于“一国”，并统一于“一国”之内。“一国”之内的“两制”并非等量齐观，国家的主体必须实行社会主义制度，是不会改变的。在这个前提下，从实际出发，充分照顾到香港等某些区域的历史和现实情况，允许其保持资本主义制度长期不变。因此，国家主体坚持社会主义制度，是香港实行资本主义制度，保持繁荣稳定的前提和保障。香港继续保持原有的资本主义制度，依照基本法实行“港人治港”、高度自治，必须在坚持一国原则的前提下，充分尊重国家主体实行的社会主义制度，特别是尊重国家实行的政治体制以及其他制度和原则。内地在坚持社会主义制度的同时，要尊重和包容香港实行的资本主义制度，还可以借鉴香港在经济发展和社会管理等方面的成功经验。在“一国”之内，“两种制度”只有相互尊重，相互借鉴，才能和谐并存，共同发展。
"One country, two systems" is a holistic concept. The "one country" means that within the PRC, HKSAR is an inseparable part and a local administrative region directly under China's Central People's Government. As a unitary state, China's central government has comprehensive jurisdiction over all local administrative regions, including the HKSAR. The high degree of autonomy of HKSAR is not an inherent power, but one that comes solely from the authorization by the central leadership. The high degree of autonomy of the HKSAR is not full autonomy, nor a decentralized power. It is the power to run local affairs as authorized by the central leadership. The high degree of autonomy of HKSAR is subject to the level of the central leadership's authorization. There is no such thing called "residual power." With China's Constitution stipulating in clear-cut terms that the country follows a fundamental system of socialism, the basic system, core leadership and guiding thought of the "one country" have been explicitly provided for. The most important thing to do in upholding the "one country" principle is to maintain China's sovereignty, security and development interests, and respect the country's fundamental system and other systems and principles.
The "two systems" means that, within the "one country" the main body of the country practices socialism, while Hong Kong and some other regions practice capitalism. The "one country" is the premise and basis of the "two systems," and the "two systems" is subordinate to and derived from "one country." But the "two systems" under the "one country" are not on a par with each other. The fact that the mainland, the main body of the country, embraces socialism will not change. With that as the premise, and taking into account the history of Hong Kong and some other regions, capitalism is allowed to stay on a long-term basis. Therefore, a socialist system by the mainland is the prerequisite and guarantee for Hong Kong's practicing capitalism and maintaining its stability and prosperity. For Hong Kong to retain its capitalist system and enjoy a high degree of autonomy with "Hong Kong people governing Hong Kong" according to the Basic Law, it must fully respect the socialist system practiced on the mainland in keeping with the "one country" principle and, in particular, the political system and other systems and principles in practice. The mainland should respect and tolerate the capitalism embraced by Hong Kong while upholding its socialist system, and draw on the successful experience of Hong Kong in economic development and social management. Only by respecting and learning from each other can the "two systems" in the "one country" coexist harmoniously and achieve common development.
上一篇：《“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践》白皮书（中英对照）VI
下一篇：《“一国两制”在香港特别行政区的实践》白皮书（中英对照）IV
微信公众号搜索“译员”关注我们，每天为您推送翻译理论和技巧，外语学习及翻译招聘信息。