香港特别行政区立法会是特别行政区的立法机关，经选举产生并根据基本法行使职权，包括根据基本法规定并依照法定程序制定、修改和废除法律；根据政府的提案，审核、通过财政预算；批准税收和公共开支等。特别行政区享有的立法权也极为广泛，可以依照基本法制定民事、刑事、商事和诉讼程序等各方面适用于特别行政区的法律。特别行政区立法会制定的法律须报全国人大常委会备案。全国人大常委会在征询香港基本法委员会后，如认为特别行政区立法机关制定的任何法律不符合基本法关于中央管理的事务及中央和特别行政区的关系的条款，可将有关法律发回，但不作修改。经全国人大常委会发回的法律立即失效。
香港特别行政区各级法院是特别行政区的司法机关，依法独立行使审判权。特别行政区成立后，设立终审法院行使特别行政区的终审权。原在香港实行的司法体制，除因设立终审法院而产生变化外，予以保留。原在香港实施的普通法及相关的司法原则和制度，包括独立审判原则、遵循先例原则、陪审制度原则等延续实行。特别行政区法院对国防、外交等国家行为无管辖权，除继续保持香港原有法律制度和原则对法院审判权所作的限制外，对特别行政区所有的案件均有审判权。特别行政区法院审判案件时可参考其他普通法适用地区的司法判例，终审法院可根据需要邀请其他普通法适用地区的法官参加审判。
The Legislative Council of the HKSAR is the legislature of the HKSAR. It is formed by election, and exercises the following powers and functions in accordance with the Basic Law: enacting, amending or repealing laws in accordance with the provisions of the Basic Law and legal procedures; examining and approving budgets introduced by the government, and approving taxation and public expenditure, among others. The HKSAR enjoys legislative power in a wide range of areas, and is empowered to formulate laws relating to civil, criminal and commercial affairs, as well as judicial proceedings, for application in the region in accordance with the Basic Law. The laws drawn up by the Legislative Council of the HKSAR must be reported to the NPC Standing Committee for the record. If the NPC Standing Committee, after consulting the Committee for the Basic Law of the HKSAR, considers that any law enacted by the legislature of the region is not in conformity with the provisions of the Basic Law regarding affairs within the responsibility of the central leadership or regarding the relationship between the central leadership and the region, the Standing Committee may return the law in question but shall not amend it. Any law returned by the NPC Standing Committee is immediately invalidated.
The courts of the HKSAR at all levels are the judiciary of the region, exercising the judicial power of the region. After the establishment of the HKSAR, the Court of Final Appeal was established to exercise the power of final adjudication in the region. The judicial system previously practiced in Hong Kong is maintained except for those changes consequent upon the establishment of the Court of Final Appeal. The common law and relevant judicial principles and systems previously practiced in Hong Kong, including the principle of independent adjudication, the principle of following precedents, and the jury system, continue to apply. The courts of the HKSAR have no jurisdiction over acts of state such as defense and foreign affairs. They have jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases in the region, except that the restrictions on their jurisdiction imposed by the legal system and principles previously in force in Hong Kong are maintained. When adjudicating cases, the courts of the HKSAR may refer to precedents of other common law jurisdictions, and the Court of Final Appeal may as required invite judges from other common law jurisdictions to sit in the Court of Final Appeal.
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