hemorrhage, bleeding出血

infarction梗塞，梗死

infection传染

inflammation炎症

ketoacidosis酮酸中毒

metastasis转移

perforation穿孔

necrosis坏死

shock休克

response反应，应答

reaction反应，感应

thrombosis血栓形成

ulceration溃疡

fever, pyrexia发烧，发热

continuous fever稽留热

intermittent fever间歇热

low-grade fever低热

remittent fever驰张热

relapsing fever回归热

pain痛

burning pain灼痛

chest(flank,…) pain胸（胁腹…）痛

cramp-like pain痉挛性痛

dull, diffused pain弥漫性钝痛

pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛

radiating pain (pain radiating to…)放射性痛（放射到…疼痛）angina绞痛

cardiac angina心绞痛

backache背痛

colic绞痛，急腹痛

earache耳痛

headache头痛

neuralgia神经痛

migraine偏头痛

rebound tenderness反跳痛

somatalgia躯体痛

sore throat咽喉痛

stomachache胃痛

toothache牙痛

bloody sputum带血的痰

cough咳嗽

dry cough干咳

expectoration咳痰

expectoration of blood咳血

hemoptysis咳血

anoxia缺氧

apnea呼吸暂停，窒息

asthma气喘，哮喘

Cheyne Stokes respiration切－斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸

dyspnea呼吸困难

hyperpnea hyperventilation过度呼吸，换气过度

hypopnea呼吸不全， 呼吸浅表

hypoxia低氧，缺氧

orthopnea端坐呼吸

respiratory arrest呼吸停止

suffocation窒息

tachypnea呼吸急促

fetid breath口臭

fruity breath呼吸有水果味

arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齐

atelectasis肺不张，肺膨胀不全

cardiac arrest心搏骤停

cardiac hypertrophy心脏肥大

cyanosis发绀，青紫

distension of jugular vein颈静脉怒张

extrasystole期外收缩

gallop rhythm奔马律

hemopleura血胸

hepatojugular reflux肝颈静脉回流

hypovolemia（循环）血容量减少

palpitation心悸

tachycardia心动过速

pneumothorax气胸

thrill震颤

absent breath sounds呼吸音消失

dull sound浊音

hyperresonant鼓音

rale啰音

rhonchus, rhonchi鼾音，干啰音

wheeze哮鸣音

anorexia, loss of appetite食欲不振，厌食

dysphagia吞咽困难

eructation嗳气

belching嗳气

flatulence气胀

flatus肠胃气，屁

gaseous distention胃胀气

hematemesis呕血

hiccough, hiccup打呃，呃逆

nausea恶心

pyrosis胃灼热

regurgitation反胃，回流

thirsty口渴

vomiting呕吐

anal fissure, crack in the anal canal肛裂

ascites腹水

board-like rigidity of the abdomen板状腹

decreased tactile fremitus触觉性震颤减弱

exophageal varices食管静脉曲张

fistula瘘，瘘管

hemorrhoid痔

hernia疝

hepatomegaly肝肿大

intussusception肠套叠

jaundice黄疸

muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall腹壁肌卫

peristalsis蠕动

loss of peristalsis蠕动消失

mass peristalsis总蠕动

retrograde (reversed) peristalsis逆蠕动

prolapse脱垂

prolapse of anus脱肛

rectal prolapse直肠脱垂，脱肛

volvulus肠扭转

calculus结石， 石

biliary calculus胆结石

vesical calculus膀胱结石

constipation便秘

defecation排便

diarrhea腹泻 

incontinence of feces大便失禁

hematochezia便血 

fecal impaction大便嵌塞

occult blood潜血 

painful straining with defecation排便痛性牵动

clay colored stools陶土色便 

dark, granular/coffee ground emesis咖啡样呕吐物

fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting呕粪，吐粪

foul fatty stools, steatorrhea恶臭脂肪便，脂肪痢

scanty and hard stools便少而硬

tarry (black) stools柏油样便

anuria无尿

burning sensation no urination排尿时的灼烧感

dysurea排尿困难，尿痛

enuresis, bed wetting遗尿

frequency of urination尿频

micturation排尿

uresis, urination, voiding排尿

nocturia夜尿

oliguria少尿

polyuria多尿

tenesmus里急后重

vesical tenesmus排尿时里急后重

uremia coma尿毒症昏迷

urgency of urination尿急

urinary incontinence尿失禁

aciduria酸尿

chyluria乳糜尿

cylindruia管型尿

glycosuria糖尿

hematuria血尿

ketonuria酮尿

pneumatinuria气尿

proteinuria蛋白尿

pyuria脓尿 

amenorrhea经闭，无月经

dysmenorrhea痛经

menorrhagia月经过多

lochia恶露

menorrhea行经，月经过多

menstruation月经

uterine contraction子宫收缩

blotch斑点

bruise挫伤，青肿

acne痤疮，粉刺