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-er是学英语的人最熟悉的派生后缀之一,因此,我们想用尽量少的笔墨介绍这个古英语词缀。总的说,-er用来表示行为者或与某事物有关的人,有时也可以表示与某行为有关的器物。 -er可以跟在两类词后面:1)当它与动词缀合时,表示 a person or thing that〜s (做…者;做…物);2)当它与名词结合时,只表示有关的人,意思有a person who makes or works with〜(从事…的人),a person living in 〜(住在…的人);a person who has 〜(有 …的人〉。有时-or也可以与形容词、数词、副词等构成相应的名词。
以下我们各举一个代表性例子来说明上述用法。
admirer [admir( ←admire) v. 钦佩,赞美;-er→] n. a person who admires 钦佩者,赞赏者 /The film star was surrounded by his admirers.那电影明星被崇拜者团团围住了。
bomber [bomb v. 轰炸;-er =>“a thing that bombs 轰炸的器物”→] n. an airplane used to bomb 轰炸机 / The bombers flew over the enemy city releasing bombs. 轰炸机飞临敌方城市上空投下炸弹。
farmer [ farm n. 农场,畜牧场; -er =>“a person living in a farm 住在农场者”→]n. a person who raises crops or animals on a farm 农民;畜牧者 / His father is a farmer with 300 acre land. 他父亲是个有300英亩耕地的农民。
hatter [hat n. 帽子;~er→] n. a person who makes or sells hats 制帽工人;帽商/ Poisoned by mercury vapour, almost one U.S. hatter in ten developed shakes and mental disturbance. The resulting cliche, mad as a hatter, survives. 由于中了水银蒸汽的毒,当时美国制帽工中有十分之一得了颤抖与精神失调症。 “像制帽工一般疯狂”这句俗话也就因此产生与流传下来。
philosopher [philosoph ( ←philosophy) n. 哲学;-er=>“a person who works with philosophy 以哲学为事业者”→] n. a person who studies philosophy a great deal 哲学家 / Plato, the great Greek philosopher, wrote the famous The Republic. 伟大的希腊哲学家柏拉图写了著名的《理想国》。
rancher [ ranch n. 大牧(农)场;-er →] n. a person who has or manages a ranch大牧(农)场主;大牧(农)场管理人/He is a rancher, but he spends most of his time travelling the world. 他是个大牧场主,但是大部分时间都用来周游世界。
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