[2]“The initial pleading that starts a civil action and states the basis for the court's jurisdiction ,the basis for the plaintiff's claim, and the demand for relief. ”Cf. Bryan A. Garner, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 279, West Croup (W99). " A document sworn to by a victim or police officer that sets forth a criminal violation and that serves as the charging instrument by which charges are filed and judicial proceedings commenced against a defendant in a magistrate's court. ”Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D. , Merriam Webster's Dictionary of Law, at p. 90 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996)；贺卫方等译：《美国法律词典》,中国政法大学出版社1998年版，第148页。

[3]“ A formal written application to a court requesting judicial action on a certain matter... Formerly, in equity practice the original pleading was denominated a petition or bill." Cf. The Publisher's Editorial Staff, Black's Law Dictionary，abridged 6th edition, at p. 793, West Publishing Co. (1991).

[4] Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D. , Merriam Webster's Dictionary of Law，at p. 363 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).

[5]“The commencement of proceedings before a court of tribunal", Cf. Daphne Duke-low ，The Dictionary of Canadian Law，at p. 52，Thomson Professional Publishing Canada (1991). “ Act of asking the court to make an order".

[6]“Any offense punishable by death, or for imprisonment for more than one year or by hard labor，must be prosecuted by indictment. An indictment is issuable only by a grand jury." Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, A Dictionary of Modem Legal Usage, 2nd edition, at p. 438, Oxford University Press Ltd. (1995).

[7]“An instrument containing a formal accusation of a crime that is issued by a prosecuting officer and that serves the same function as an indictment. About half the states in the United States allow prosecutors to issue informations. The rest require indictment. " Cf. Linda Picard Wood, J. D.，Meniam Webster's Dictionary of Law，at p. 244 Merriam-Webster, Incorporated (1996).