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该术语常被人误认为是“终审判决”,目前几乎所有流行的英汉(法律)词典或相关工具书都难逃此错[1]。依定义,“终审判决”即法院对诉讼案件进行最后一级审判时所作的判决,终审判决一经宣布,即为发生法律效力的判决,不能再行上诉[2]。 从此意义上讲,final judgment (最终判决)决非“终审判决”了,因为final judgment本身的含义刚好与此相反,其是指初审法院对案件实体(merits)做了审理后作出的可上诉的判决(故它也称为 final appealable judgment, final appealable order 等),其与法院的审级完全无关[3]。final judgment rule对此作有专门规定:A party may appeal only from a district court's final judgment that ends the litigation on the merits[4]。而我们所说的不能再行上诉的“终审判决”应是 judgment of court of last resort 或 judgment of last resort 才对[5]。
[1] 参见《英汉法律词典》编委组编:《英汉法律词典》,法律出版社1999年版,第311页;陈庆柏等译:《英汉双解法律词典》,世界图书出版公司1998年版,第221页;薛波:《汉英法律词典》,外文出版社1995年版,第912页;《汉英法律 词典》编写组编:《汉英法律词典》,中国商业出版社1995年版,第997页。
[2] 参见《法学词典》编辑委员会编:《法学词典》,上海辞书出版社1980年 版,第484页。
[3]“ A court's last action that settles the rights of the parties and disposes of all issues in controverey, except for the award of costs and enforcement of the judgment. Also termed final appealable judgment;final decision;final decree;definitive judgment ; determinative judgment;final appealable order. ”Cf. Bryan A. Gamer, Black's Law Dictionary, 7th edition, at p. 847, West Group (1999).
[4] Id. at p. 644.
[5] Cf. Philip R. Bilancia, Dictionary of Chinese Law and Government, at p. 121 , Stanford University Press (1981 ).