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7) Only 30 years ago the very idea of creating an artificial satellite to orbit the earth was just a dream in a few imaginative minds.
在三十年以前,要制造出一颗绕地球运行的人造卫星, 还不过是个别富于想象的人的梦想而巳。(mind原义为 “头脑”)
8) It is essential that the imbalance be redressed and that the material selected to provide the corrective factor also be economiccally sensible.
这种不平衡的情况必须纠正,而为此所选用的材料从经济观点看也必须是上算的。(sensible原义为“敏感的”)
9) It is universally accepted that only those who master the mathematical ideas and reasoning become the fathers of science.
只有掌握了数学概念和推理能力的人,才能在科学上有所建树,这已是公认的了。(become…science原义为“成为科学之父”)
10) The 155mm Cannon-launched Laser-guided Projectile is due to enter the inventory of the U. S. Army in 1982.
155毫米炮射激光制导炮掸预定在1982年开始在美国陆军服役(或:......在美国陆军投入使用)。( enter the inventory 原义为“列入清单”)
11) We are at the dawn of the space age and, it seems,yesterday's fantasies will be tomorrow's realities.
我们刚刚进入太空时代,看来昔日的幻想将要变成明天的现实。(at the dawn of原义为“在……的拂晓”)
12) A creative person will almost never follow a set pattern in developing an idea. To do so would tend to structure his thinking and might limit the creation of possible solutions.
有创新精神的人,绝少按固定模式提出想法,因为那样会束缚他的思想,妨碍他找到可能的方案。(structure原义为“构成”,limit原义为“限制”)
以上十多例中,加以引申的单词、词组和短语兼而有之。通过引申处理,译文准确地再现了原文的精神实质,而且也完全合乎事理和汉语习惯。(如果照字面意义译出,译文势必不伦不类,有意者不妨一试)。可见,在不少情况下,这种引申是必要的。但应注意,科技翻译中的引申有限,引申的范围也不大,只有当原词、词组或短语的基本意义不足以确切表达原意、且汉语也不可能直接表达出来时,才允许作出适当的、符合逻辑的引申,实属不得已而为之,决非什么情况下都可采用。词义引申的方式一般有两种,一种是调整、变通或扩展基本意义,一种是增加适当的译词。
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