二、描写文
描写文是一种用生动、形象的语言对人物、景物、事物等特征和性质进行描述的写作形式。记叙与描写常常是结合的，但描写文又不同于记叙文，描写文一般都是从某个观察角度出发，捉住要描述的对象的特点，按一定的顺序进行描写，如由近及远、自上而下等等。写好描写文要注意以下几点：

首先，要突出主题,既要有想象力又要有观察力。在根据要点或图表写作时，要注意组织语言，可以 先写衬托主题的内容，最后揭示主题。这样,文章结构既紧凑又有层次感，同时也能顺理成章地表达作 者的态度与观点。

其次，在写作过程中,作者可以按空间位置顺序，由远及近、由上及下、由外到内、由前到后组织材 料;也可以按视线转移的顺序组织材料，先看到的先写，后看到的后写。再次，无论是描写人物、事物、景色,还是别的现象，最好不要面面俱到，也不要作泛泛描述,应该选 择典型情节和特征,或是有别于他人、他事的特点和事实进行重点描写。要使用形象生动的语言,尽量 不用特别复杂的词汇和句子。

最后，时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。 按描写文所描写的内容不同,可以分为人物描写、地点描写、景色描写和事件描写。
1.人物描写
人物描写主要是要抓住所描写人物的外貌、性格、行为举止或思想感情等。描写时不但要详细、正确，有时为了趣味或为了加强读者的印象，还要尽量渲染一番。总之，细节的描述愈详尽愈能给予读者深刻的印象。请看下文：
Perhaps the most vital person I have ever met is an Italian professor of philosophy who teaches at the University of Pisa. Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his special qualities.
First of all, I was impressed by his devotion to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students swarmed into his classroom. His followers appreciated the fact that he believed in what he taught and that he was intellectually stimulating.
Furthermore, he could be counted on to explain his ideas in an imaginative way, introducingsuch aids to understanding as paintings, recordings, pieces of sculpture, and guest lecturers.Once he even sang a song in class to illustrate a point.
Second，I admired the fact that he would confer with students outside of the classroom or talk with them on the telephone. Drinking coffee in the snack bar, he would easily make friends with students. Sometimes he would challenge a student to a game of chess. At other times，he would join groups to discuss subjects ranging from astronomy to scuba diving. Many young people visited him in his office for academic advice ； others came to his home
for social evenings.
Finally, I was attracted by his lively wit. He believed that no class hour is a success unless the students and the professor share several chuckles and at least one loud laugh. Through his sense of humor, he made learning more enjoyable and more lasting. If it is true that life makes a wise man smile and a foolish man cry, then my friend is truly a
wise man. Probably the best example of his wit is this bit of wisdom with which he once ended a lecture ： “ It is as dangerous for man to model himself upon his invention, the machine，as it would be for God to model himself upon his invention. "
2.地点描写
描写地点如同绘制一幅图画，它告诉读者其外形、位置和周围环境。地点描写的主要特征是应将观察者与所描写的地点之间的空间关系、该地点中各个不同部位之间的关系和该地点与周围环境间的关系描写清楚。
对地方的描写，有时不是要描写其美丽风景，而是在记述这个地方的特征。这个地方可能又窄又 脏又乱,人们穿梭其间犹若蝼蚁，又或此地曾为王公贵族的楼台阁榭，如今时过境迁，荒芜无以名状，并托以感伤词句。无论如何这一地方的主要特征应该形象地描绘出来，只有这样才能给读者留下极其深 刻的印象。

请看下文：
Hayden Library
I am walking down a long and impressive flight of silky smooth concrete stairs. I come up to one of the many grand doors with a shiny brass handle that shows the age of the library by being slightly worn. I enter the majestic Hayden Library and find that it is quite large.
I feel as if I am in the Arizona Mills mall where everything is within my reach. The glistening colors of the gray tiles and white walls create an open and spacious feeling for the library. The dim yet sufficient lighting allows for the right amount of brightness for all the activities that are taking place. I look around at all the people reading, studying, getting information from references, working on computers, and the many other activities that they are doing which shows me that I am in a place of great knowledge.
There is a certain intensity that I get from the library that is like going to a football stadium and watching the home team dominate the opposing team. All of the people in the library are extremely kind. The clerks at the information desks are anxious to help anyone who is looking for information. The people there are mostly students，and yet there are several individuals of all ages and backgrounds who，for various reasons are simply using the library resources. These people are very considerate to each other, respecting each other’s privacy and respecting the purpose of the library as a tool for those who need it.