一篇文章通常可分为三个部分，即开头、中间和结尾，这三个部分是一个有机的整体，它们之间安排是否得体，直接影响到文章的质量。

(一）文章开头段及常用句型

文章开头段，一般来说一定要开门见山，语言精练，用简单明白的叙述直接切人主题，使读者理解文章在谈论什么，快速引起读者的兴趣。开头段一般不对主题进行深人的探讨,具体的论证或叙述应该在扩展段进行。开头段的作用是概括陈述主题，提出观点或论点，表明写作意图。

写好开头段应该避免以下几个问题：

(1)开头偏离主题太远；

(2)使用抱歉或埋怨之词句；

(3)内容不具体,言之无物；

(4)使用不言自明的陈述。 

“万事开头难”，写作文时很多人都面对这样一个问题。其实，写开头段有多种表达方法，只要牢固地掌握了这些方式，开头段也没有大家想象的那么难。下面分别给大家讲解开头段的几种展开方法： 

1.主题句法:开篇点明主题，用主题句,然后围绕主题内容进行发展。如：

Now people become increasingly aware of the importance of acquiring a mastery of a foreign language. To them，the knowledge of a foreign language，say，English，often means a good opportunity for one's career, even a passport to a prosperous future. Many of them equate success in life with the ability of speaking a foreign language.

2.提问法:提出有争议或探讨性的具体问题，然后加以简要回答或展开引导性简短讨论。如：

What do you want from your work? Money? Promotions? Interesting challenges? Continual learning? Work based friendships? The opportunity to develop your own idea and potentials? Though we are all individuals and so our answers will differ, all agree that work provides more than material things.

3.引语法:使用一段名人名言,或人们常用的谙语、习语，以确定文章的写作范围和方向。如：

“Great minds must be ready not only to take the opportunity, but to make them,” Colton, a great writer once remarked. But it still has a profound significance now. To a person, in whose lifetime opportunities are not many, to make opportunities is more essential to his success.

4.数据法:使用具体翔实的数字或数据，然后作出概括性分析,指明问题的症结所在。如：

In the past 5 years, there has been a marked decline in the number of young married couples who want to have children, coupled with a growing trend toward delayed childbearing. According to official statistics, in 2003, about 28 percent of married couples with wives under 35 gave no birth to children，compared with the 1993 level of 8 percent.

5.背景法:给出背景,描述具体事件的时间、地点和发生背景等。如：

Once in a newspaper I read of a crowd of people who remained appallingly indifferent to the plea of a mother. As she failed to offer the required amount of cash as a price to save her drowning son，the woman at last watched her son sink to death. The story is not rare in newspapers and on TV, and the casualness and detachment our people now have developed has aroused nationwide concern.

6.定义法:针对讨论的主题或问题加以定义，然后进行深入探讨。如：

Flexibility is defined as being adaptable to change. In the course of your lifetime, it is essential that you leam to bend and flex around every new circumstance, as rigidity deprives you of the opportunity to see new possibilities. Paradigms change over time, and so must you. Your company may restructure, and you will have to survive. Your spouse may choose to leave the marriage, and you will have to cope. Technology will continue to advance and change，and you must constantly leam and adapt or risk becoming a dinosaur. Flexibility allows you to be ready for whatever curve lies ahead in life instead of getting blindsided by it.

下面给大家介绍几种开头段常用的核心句型，以便大家更好地组织文章的开头。

a.The arguer may be right about..., but he seems to neglect to mention the fact that...

b.Contrary to generally accepted views, I argue that...

c.There is an element of truth in this argument, but it ignores a deeper and more basic fact that...

d.It is true that..., but this is not to say that...

e.The main/obvious problem with this argument is that it is blind to the basic fact that...

f.It would be natural/reasonable to think that..., but it would be absurd to claim that...

g.In all the discussion and debate over..., one important fact is generally verlooked/ neglected.

h.There is absolutely no reason for us to believe that …

i.To assume that... is far from being proved.

j.A close inspection of this argument would reveal how flimsy( groundless) it is.

k.On the surface (At first thought)，it may seem an attractive idea, but on second thought, we find that. . .

l.Too much emphasis placed on... may obscure other facts...

m.The problem/fact is that."

n.However logical this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem.

o.As far as I am concerned, I believe that...

p.Although I appreciate that..., I cannot agree with...

q.Those who object to... argue that.... But people who favor...，on the other hand, argue that...

r.Currently, there is a general concern over...

s.Now it is widely acknowledged that.... But I wonder whether...

t.These days we often hear about...，but is this really the case?