（五）现任美国政府背信弃义

　　规则意识和契约精神是市场经济和现代国际秩序的基础。遵守规则、尊重契约使得不同个人、群体和国家可以形成广泛合作，是人类进入文明社会的主要特征。现任美国政府不顾各国公认、普遍遵循的国际交往准则，采取了一系列背信弃义的做法，对国际关系采取机会主义态度，引发国际社会广泛质疑和批评。美国这些急功近利的短视做法，损害了美国的国际信誉，将动摇美国国际地位和战略利益。

5. The current US administration is violating its own commitments

Respect for rules and contract has been the foundation of the market economy and the international order since the advent of modern times. It makes cooperation between different individuals, groups and countries possible, which is a defining feature of civilized human society. The current US administration has turned its back on universally-recognized and widely-observed norms governing international relations, and made a series of moves in violation of its own commitments. The opportunism of the US toward international relations has been widely challenged and criticized by the international community. The short-sighted actions of the US in pursuit of short-term interests harm its international credibility, and will undermine its international standing and prejudice its strategic interests.

　　美国政府藐视国际协定的权威性，扰乱全球治理秩序。以国家名义做出的承诺和签署的协定不受政府换届干扰，保持一贯性，是一国保持国际信誉的基础。现任美国政府夸大多边体制问题和国家之间的分歧，不愿承担维护国际秩序成本，对国际规则约束进行选择性遵守，接连退出联合国教科文组织、人权理事会等多个国际组织，退出了上届美国政府力推达成的跨太平洋伙伴关系协定和巴黎气候协定，强制要求重谈北美自由贸易协定和美韩自贸协定。

　　以联合国、世界银行、国际货币基金组织和关贸总协定为起点，经过不断完善，形成了今天的全球政治经济治理体系。世界贸易组织是当前重要的多边经贸机制，在国际经贸合作中发挥着关键作用，在世界上受到普遍尊重和认同，目前成员已超过160个。但是，美国经常违反世界贸易组织规则，1995-2015年期间，因美国未执行世界贸易组织争端解决机制裁定而被胜诉方提出暂停申请、中止对美国关税减让义务的案件数量占到世界贸易组织同类案件总数量的2/3。

The US administration shows no respect for the sanctity of international agreements and disrupts global governance order. A country should uphold the commitments and agreements it has entered into regardless of government succession. This is essential for a country’s credibility. Exaggerating problems in the multilateral system and differences between countries, the current US administration, unwilling to bear the cost of upholding the international order, has taken a selective approach to international rules. It has withdrawn from international organizations such as UNESCO and the UNHRC, pulled out from the TPP and the Paris Agreement that the previous US administration worked so hard to conclude, and is demanding renegotiation of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and US-Korea Free Trade Agreement.

The global political and economic governance system has only become what it is through constant improvements, starting from the inception of the United Nations (UN), the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). The WTO is an important multilateral trading regime with a total of over 160 members. It is essential to global trade cooperation, and is widely respected and recognized in the world. However, the US frequently violates WTO rules. The number of cases where members requested a suspension of the application of tariff concessions, or suspended tariff concession obligations to the US due to the latter’s failure to comply with the rulings of the DSB, accounted for two thirds of all such cases between 1995 and 2015. 

　　这一系列行为，是对国际契约的违背，是对经贸伙伴的不尊重，更是对美国国家信誉的损害。世界经济论坛发布的《2018年全球风险报告》指出，美国对多边主义秩序造成的侵害，以及美国阻挠世界贸易组织上诉机构新法官任命，将加剧2018年的全球风险。

　　美国政府破坏市场机制，直接干预商业行为。现任美国政府屡屡突破政府边界，对市场主体实施直接干预。例如，不顾商业规律，要求苹果公司等美国企业海外工厂回迁。此外，美国政府还对美国企业对外投资进行恐吓阻挠。例如，2017年1月3日，警告通用汽车，如果它继续在墨西哥制造雪佛兰科鲁兹型号汽车的话，将需要支付大额关税；2018年7月3日，威胁哈雷公司不得将生产业务转移出美国；通过社交媒体点名批评威胁企业高管，以各种借口加强对正常并购交易的审查等。

These actions of the US violate international contracts and disrespect its trading partners, and what is more, undermine its credibility as a country. The “Global Risks Report 2018” released by the World Economic Forum pointed out that global risks will intensify in 2018, as the US erodes multilateralism and blocks appointments to the WTO’s appellate body.

The US administration has undermined the market mechanism through direct intervention in business operations. The current US administration has time and again overstepped its purview to directly meddle with market players. For instance, it has demanded that Apple and some other American companies move their overseas factories back to the US, regardless of market rules. The administration has also intimidated and obstructed American companies making investments abroad. For instance, on January 3, 2017, General Motors was threatened with a heavy border tax for continuing to make Chevrolet Cruze models in Mexico.  On July 3, 2018, Harley-Davidson was warned not to move part of its operation out of the US.  Executives of American companies have been named and shamed on social media, as the administration tightens supervision over normal merger deals under various pretexts.