2. Describing Procedures, Example:
The Bessemer Process uses a furnace called a“converter”. The outside of the converter is made of steel plates. The inside is lined with bricks. The converter is tipped on to its side and the charge of molten iron is poured into the top. Then the converter is put upright again. A blast of air is blown through holes in the base of the converter. This is called the “blow”.
3. Passive Infinitive Is Particularly Used for Reporting News and Expressing Simple Statement of Fact, e, g,
a. Many pupils In school think of science as a subject containing more facts to be learnt.
b. The new factory is said to be opened next month.
4. The Passive with Modals (Should. Must) Is Particularly Common in Written Instructions, Warnings and Notices. Examples ：
a. All library books should be returned by the end of June.
b. Attention must be paid to the function of the machine.
*“By”is used with agents. It introduces what (or who) something is done by or the method by which it is done. “With" introduces the tool or instrument with which something is done. For example. “Written exercises are often corrected by teachers with red pens."“The area of circle can be found by using the formula πr². ” “The hole is made with a drill"²
参考译文
科技英语的语法特点：非人称科技陈述句中的被动语态
科技英语在时态、语态、语气、词序和句子结构等的运用上都和普通英语不同。
假定科技英语读者已经在语法方面受到过大量的训练。因此，本书的主要目的是给读者说明如何正确理解在科技英语作品中最常出现的语法现象。
科技英语作品中大概有三分之一的动词是被动语态。这些被动态动词的时态是一般现在时，或者这些动词与情态动词连用。科技人员使用被动语态比多数其他作者频繁得多。
为什么在科技英语中经常出现被动语态？
1. 被动语态意义更淸楚
因为科技人员对于动作和事实要比对于动作执行者更感兴趣，所以，很多涉及人的字是不必要的，而且反而会引起混淆。请看下句：
“人们要小心翼翼地加热这种气体。”
这些人是谁呢?是作者？是作者与其读者?是一切受过教育的人们？还是每一个人？
所有这一切令人混淆不淸的问题，都可以利用被动语态来加以避免：
“这种气体要被小心翼地加热。”
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