现病史部分翻译时的语言特点
2017-04-01 11:29:24 etogether.net 网络 次
现病史主要记载当前疾病的发生时间、经过、发病方式、可能病因与诱因、严重程度、发作频率、进展情况、治疗情况等。该部分涉及到疾病症状，除了使用普通词汇和普通医学词汇外，还常用一些医学专业术语。现病史一般用陈述句，常用一般现在时、现在完成吋、一般过去时和过去完成时表迖。现病史部分翻译时的语言特点如下：
(1)形容词
①缓慢、逐渐：slow，chronic, gradual(ly), increasingly
②突然：sudden(ly), abrupt(ly), fulminant, explosive, acute, sub-acute, all of a sudden
③频度：occasional(ly). accidental(ly), often, frequent, recurrent, relapsing, 持续的 persistent,间歇性 intermittent，一过
性的transient，transitory
④程度：轻微的mild,中等稈度的moderate, medium-degreed,严重的severe, serious,可忍受的bearable.无法忍受的unbearable
⑤性质、意义：局部的local,全身性的generalized,明显的apparent, clear, obvious, definite, distinct, 隐约可见的 indistinct,
insidious,有(无)症状的 (un)symptomatic, (a)symptomatic (不）发烧的（a)febrile
(2)名同
①起病、发作：attack, onset, episodes, seizure, spell, bout
②疾病变化progress, (dis) appearance， recurrence, relapse, aggravation, exacerbation, abatement, improvement, worsening
③相关、先后：relation, correlation, association, coincidence
(3)动词
①起病、疾病发作：appear, develop, start, begin with, occur, be present
②疾病变化：消失disappear，缓和abate, 缓解relieved，改善improved, 好转better, improving, 恶化worsen, 加剧 aggravate,
exacerbate, 消退（减轻) subside, 持续 persist, 减少 decrease, decline
③与…有关、并发、先后顺序、对照:relate, associate, accompany，precede, follow, coincide
(4)以病人做主语的句型
①开始有…的症状：start having...，如:
He started having headaches.
②开始发生…的症状/疾病：begin having episodes of…，如：
She began having episodes of cardiac tachycardia.
③变得…: become... 如：
He became breathless / emaciated / easily exhausted.
④注意到：notice (perceive, note, recognize …）+症状 / 疾病，如：
On Sunday morning he perceived that his sputum was streaked with blood.
⑤有…症状/疾病：have…，如：
He had high blood pressure for three years,
⑥突然患：have abrupt onset of...，如：
He had an abrupt onset of colic pain in his right quadrant.
⑦患；have episode of ... / have attack of …，如：
He had two episodes of pneumonia.
She had an episode of cercbral hemorrhage last year.
⑧出现/有了...症状/疾病：develop +症状/疾病，如：
He suddenly developed a sharp pain in his right upper quadrant of the abdomen.
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