在翻译中,我们可以在不增减、不歪曲内容的条件下适当增词或减词。如:
1.It was in the neighbourhood of Berkeley Square, and I had come out of a drawing-room, warm, scented and full of "portable property". The hall door was closed behind me, the east wind caught me in the face, and I walked into a child. (Galsworthy)
[译文] 这事发生在离贝克莱广场不远的地方。我从客厅里走出来,那儿温暖如春,散发着香水的气味,还有许多贵重的家俱和装饰品。大门在我身后紧闭起来。一阵凛冽的东风迎面扑来,我险些踩到一个孩子身上。
在英国,冬天刮东风,而且这种东风还凛冽刺骨,和中国情况不同。因此,在这里有必要在“东风”前面增添“凛冽的”一
类字样。原作者也是有意要把温暖如春、富丽堂皇的客厅和寒冷的街道加以对比。
2. Phoebe Anna was thin and black, a very umbrella of a woman. (Driesel)
[译文] 安娜是一个又瘦又黑的女人,上身粗大,下身细长,简直象一把雨伞。
3. ...as I knew she was anxious to get home, and, between fire, food and pickpockets, could never be considered at her ease for half an hour in London, .….(Dickens)
[译文] ……因为我知道她急于要回家,同时,既怕房子着火,又要弄点吃的东西,又怕遇见扒手,可以说,她在伦敦连半点钟工夫都无法把一颗心放下…(张谷若同志译文,略有改动)
4. He had been faithful to the fourteen-year-old Vicar's daughter whom he had worshipped on his knees but had never led to the altar.
[译文] 他一直忠于十四岁的牧师女儿,他曾拜倒在她的石榴裙下,但却没有同她结婚。
lead someone to the altar(引到圣坛前面)的形象性移到内容中去了。
5. And his partner caught his fire.
[译文] 他的舞伴也感染了他的热情。
fire的形象性移到内容中去了。
6. In marrying this girl he married a bit more than he could chew.
[译文] 他和这姑娘结婚,未免不自量力。(以推论代理由)
总之,内容和形式相互推移的原理是翻译艺术中一项重要原理,足可以破除我们一部分翻译工作者头脑中的形式主义翻译思
想。这种形式主义翻译实质上就是一种形而上学的思想。它把内容看做永远是内容,把形式看做永远是形式,不懂得内容和形式可以互相渗透,互相转化,我们只有破除这种形而上学的思想,才能把文学翻译提高到艺术创造的水平上来。
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