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《2016中国的航天》白皮书(全文)II
2018-03-20 09:37:35    译聚网    国新网    


  1.卫星遥感系统。按照一星多用、多星组网、多网协同的发展思路,发展陆地观测、海洋观测、大气观测3个系列,研制发射高分辨率多模式光学观测、L波段差分干涉合成孔径雷达、陆地生态碳监测、大气环境激光探测、海洋盐度探测、新一代海洋水色观测等卫星,逐步形成高、中、低空间分辨率合理配置、多种观测手段优化组合的综合高效全球观测和数据获取能力。统筹建设和完善遥感卫星接收站网、定标与真实性检验场、数据中心、共享网络平台和共性应用支撑平台,形成卫星遥感数据全球接收服务能力。


  2.卫星通信广播系统。面向行业及市场应用,以商业模式为主,保障公益需求,发展固定通信广播、移动通信广播、数据中继卫星,建设由高轨宽带、低轨移动卫星等天基系统和关口站等地基系统组成的天地一体化信息网络,同步建设测控站、信关站、上行站、标校场等地面设施,形成宽带通信、固定通信、电视直播、移动通信、移动多媒体广播业务服务能力,逐步建成覆盖全球、与地面通信网络融合的卫星通信广播系统。



(1) Satellite remote-sensing system. In accordance with the policy guideline for developing multi-functional satellites, and creating networks of satellites and integrating them, we will focus on three series of satellites for observing the land, ocean and atmosphere, respectively. China is to develop and launch satellites capable of high-resolution multi-mode optical observation, L-band differential interferometric synthetic aperture radar imaging, carbon monitoring of the territorial ecosystem, atmospheric Lidar detection, ocean salinity detection and new-type ocean color observation. We will take steps to build our capabilities of highly efficient, comprehensive global observation and data acquisition with a rational allocation of low-, medium- and high-spatial resolution technologies, and an optimized combination of multiple observation methods. China will make overall construction and improvement on remote-sensing satellite receiving station networks, calibration and validation fields, data centers, data-sharing platforms and common application supporting platforms to provide remote-sensing satellite data receiving services across the world.


(2) Satellite communications and broadcasting system. This system is oriented toward industrial and market applications, and mainly operates through business models while meeting public welfare needs. China will develop both fixed and mobile communications and broadcasting as well as data relay satellites, build a space-ground integrated information network consisting of space-based systems such as high-earth-orbit broadband satellite systems and low-earth-orbit mobile satellite systems, and ground-based systems such as satellite-access stations. TT&C stations, gateway stations, uplink stations, calibration fields and other satellite ground facilities are to be built synchronously. These efforts are expected to bring about a comprehensive system capable of providing broadband communications, fixed communications, direct-broadcast television, mobile communications and mobile multimedia broadcast services. A global satellite communications and broadcasting system integrated with the ground communications network will be established step by step.


 3.卫星导航系统。持续提升北斗二号系统服务性能。继续开展北斗全球系统建设,计划于2018年面向“一带一路”沿线及周边国家提供基本服务;2020年前后,完成35颗卫星发射组网,为全球用户提供服务;持续统筹推进北斗地基、星基增强系统建设,为各类用户提供更高精度、更为可靠的服务。


  (三)载人航天


  发射“天舟一号”货运飞船,与在轨运行的“天宫二号”空间实验室进行交会对接,突破和掌握货物运输和补给等关键技术,为空间站建造和运营积累经验。


(3) Satellite navigation system. China is to continuously enhance the service capacities of the Beidou-2. With sustained efforts in building the Beidou global system, we plan to start providing basic services to countries along the Silk Road Economic Belt and 21st-century Maritime Silk Road in 2018, form a network consisting of 35 satellites for global services by 2020, and provide all clients with more accurate and more reliable services through advancing the ground-based and satellite-based augmentation systems in an integrated way.


3. Manned spaceflight


China plans to launch the Tianzhou-1 cargo spacecraft to dock with the earth-orbiting Tiangong-2 space laboratory, and research and master key technologies for cargo transport and replenishment to accumulate experience in building and operating a space station.




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