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ex-是个很重要的前缀,它来自拉丁介词ex,意为out或out of,即表示“向外”、“分离”的倾向。作为原生词缀与拉丁词根结合时,ex-有两个异体e-和ef-。其中,用在元音字母和c,h, p, q,s,t前面;ef- 只出现在f之前;e-则可以出现在b,d, g,j, l,m, n,r, v等之前。值得注意的是,ar-又可以作为派生前缀,与表示身份或职业的名词相结合,表示former (以前的,前任的)的意思, 这时er-没有异体,而且往往要带连字符。
先介绍原生词缀ex-出现在元音字母前的情况。
exaggerate [ ex- = out of 外;aggerate= to heap 堆=>“to heap out of 堆到…以外去”→]v. ① increase beyond what is normal 使夸大 / The artist exaggerated parts of the drawing to make them clear. 艺术家夸张画面的某些部分使之更为清楚。②make too large; overstate 夸张;夸大 / He exaggerated the dangers of the trip in order to frighten them into not going.他夸大旅途的危险性使他们不敢去。
exaggeration n. 夸张,夸大;夸张的手法
exaggerative a. 夸张的,言过其实的
exempt [ex - = out of 出;empt = to take 拿=>“to take out of 从… 中拿出来”→]v. make free; release 免除,豁免 / Students who get very high marks will be exempted from final examination. 成绩优良的学生终考可以免试。
exemption n. 免除,豁免
exemptible a. 可享豁免权的
exit [ex.= out of 出;it = to go 走→]I v. go out of,leave 退出, 离去 / He exited in a hurry. 他匆匆离去。II n. a way out 出口 / The theatre had six exits. 这戏院有 6个出口。