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两者均为英国刑法所规定的犯罪分类术语。其中non-arrestable offence为“不得无证拘捕之犯罪”,指一种较轻的犯罪, 处刑通常在5年以下,此种罪犯只能在签发拘捕令之后方可进行拘捕[1]。值得注意的是该术语被不少法律词典错误地译为“不受逮捕的罪行”或“不构成逮捕的罪行”,估计这种译法是由于译者望文生义所造成的[2]。相比较,arrestable offense则为“可无证拘捕之犯罪”(注意:该术语也不得像有些法律词典那样译为“应受逮捕的罪行”或“构成逮捕的罪行”[3]),指较为严重的一种犯罪,其处刑多在5年以上[4],该术语体现了传统的“In pursuit of felony, as the phrase has it, no warrant for arrest is necessary. ”(追捕重罪犯,如习语所说,无需拘捕令)英国刑法精神[5]。事实上,此两种法定犯罪分类也正是英国于1967年为取代原有的犯罪分类felony (重罪)和misdemeanor (轻罪)而新创立之罪名, non-arrestable offence 用于替代 misdemeanor,而 arrestable offence 则用于替代felony。同理,arrestable offender也就应为“可无证拘捕之罪犯”,指原先所划分的“重罪犯”[6]。
[1]“ Crime for which a person cannot be arrested without a warrant. Non-arrestable offenses are usually crimes which carry a sentence of less than five years imprisonment. ”Cf. P. H. Collin, English-Chinese Bilingual Law Dictionary, 2nd edition, at. p. 364,Peter Collin Publishing,世界图书出版社(双解版)(1998).
[2] 参见《英汉法律词典》编写组编:《英汉法律词典》,法律出版社1999年 版,第533页。
[3] Id. at p. 58.
[4]“Crime for which someone can be arrested without a warrant (usually an offense which carries a penalty of at least five years’imprisonment). ” Id. at p. 32.
[5] 参见李荣甫、宋雷主编:《法律英语教程》,法律出版社1999年版,第 10页。
[6] Cf. David M. Walker, The Oyford Companion to Law, at p. 332,Oxford University Press (1980).