(4) 英国概况练习题：

1 Britain was the first country to industrialize because of the following factors except _____.

A Britain was well placed geographically to participate in European and world trade.

B Britain had many rivers, which were useful for transport.

C British engineers had sound training and the inventors were respected.

D British government was increasingly interested in overseas and colonies after the 17th century.

2 The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. The _____ has very little power.

A queen B monarch C prime minister D king

3 Which party has always had strong links with the trade unions and received financial support from them?

A the Labor Party B the Conservative Party

C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party

4 On accepting ____, the age of constitutional monarchy, of a monarchy with powers limited by Parliament, began.

A Constitutional Law B The Declaration of Independence

C Civil Law D Bill of Rights

5 Females were allowed to vote in national elections until ____.

A 1918 B 1916 C 1920 D 1896

6 The British North America Act of 1867 established ____ as a domain.

A Australia B Canada C New Zealand D India

7 During World War II, as a war leader, _____ received massive popular support and led his country to final victory in 1945.

A Harold Wilson B Edward Heath C Franklin Roosevelt D Winston Churchill

8 The Falkland Islands war was between Britain and _____.

A France B New Zealand C Argentina D Australia

9 In Britain, a _____ is held when a Member of Parliament dies, retires or resigns.

A civic election B by-election C popular election D general election

10 In the United Kingdom, ministers are appointed by the Queen on the recommendation of _____.

A the Lord Chancellor B the Monarch C the Prime Minister D the King

练习题答案及题解:

1 D, 英国之所以能成为世界上最早开始工业化的国家,原因有很多。但英国是从17世纪以后逐步开始对海外贸易和开拓海外殖民地产生浓厚兴趣的。

2 B, 英国是君主立宪制国家，国王或女王（君主）几乎没什么实质性的权力。

3 A, 保守党和自由党是英国最早成立的两个党派。大致来说，保守党是中上层阶级的党，它得到大公司财政上的支持；而工党，主要得到工会的支持，它的支持者主要是中产阶级和知识分子。

4 D, 《权利法案》的签署，标志着英国进入了君主立宪制时代，一个君主几乎没有什么实质性权力并受制于议会的时代。

5 A, 直到1918年妇女才在全国大选中享有选举权。

6 B, 《1867年英国北美法案》将加拿大纳为它的自治领。

7 D, 在第二次世界大战中，当时的英国首相丘吉尔作为战争统帅受到了英国人民的广泛拥戴，并带领英国人民赢得了战争的最后胜利。

8 C, 福克兰群岛战役是发生在英国和阿根廷着这两个国家之间。位于大西洋南部的福克兰群岛从1892年起就是英国的海外殖民地，1982年阿根廷开始控制这些岛屿，但是英国最终打败了阿根廷，并重新占领了这些岛屿。

9 B, 英国的下院议会成员中有人去世、退休或辞职时，就要进行补缺选举。

10 C, 在英国，部长们是由首相推荐，女王加以任命的。

(5) 英国概况练习题： 

1 How many members are there in the House of Commons?

A 650 B 524 C 72 D 651

2 Which of the following people didn’t use to be the British Prime Minister?

A Margaret Thatcher B Winston Churchill C Horatio Nelson D John Major

3 By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed _____ by the Sovereign in the United Kingdom.

A Prime Minister B Member of Parliament  

C Lord of appeal D Speaker of the House

4 The Tories were the forerunners of _____, which still bears this nickname today.

A the Labour Party B the Conservative Party

C the Liberal Party D the Social Democratic Party

5 In the United Kingdom, the party which wins the ____ number of seats in the House of Commons becomes the official Opposition.

A largest B second largest C third largest D fourth largest

6 The term “British disease” is now often used to characterize Britain’s _____ decline.

A political B educational C military D economic

7 The 1980s was remembered as the decade of _____.

A globalization B nationalization C privatization D competition

8 Today, in Britain, ______ is called a “sick” industry.

A coal mining B iron and steel C textiles D shipbuilding

9 The first steam engine was devised by Thomas Newcomer at the end of the 17th century, and the Scottish inventor ____ modified and improved the design in 1765. A　Abraham Darby B James Watt C John Kay D Richard Arkwrightthe

10 _____ created the industrial working class, the proletariat, and it later led to trade unionism.

A The Chartist Movement B The Industrial Revolution  

C The French Revolution D The Glorious Revolution

练习题答案及题解:

1 D, 下议院共有651名议员。

2 C, 撒切尔夫人，丘吉尔和梅杰都曾经做过英国首相；而纳尔逊（1758-1805），英国海军统帅，因作战负伤，右眼失明，失去右臂。后任地中海舰队司令，在特法尔加角海战中大败西班牙联合舰队，本人受重伤阵亡，号称 Viscount Nelson。

3 A, 在英国，按照传统，多数党的领导人由君主任命为首相，首相从本党内部挑选一些领导人担任各部部长职位。

4 B, 托利党是英国保守党的前身。

5 B, 在英国，在下议院中赢得第二席位的政党为反对党，它也有它自己的领导和影子内阁（shadow cabinet）。

6 D, 现在“英国病”这一术语经常用来指英国经济上的衰退。

7 C, 正如20世纪40年代被看作是国有化的时代一样，20世纪80年代被看作是私有化的时代。包括英国石油、航空、钢铁、电讯在内的几乎40% 的国有公司实现了私有化。

8 A, 英国煤矿业被称为生病工业。英国的煤产量在一战前达到顶点，如今的英国的煤矿业衰退，从而导致矿工的数量、煤矿的总产量大大下降。

9 B, 第一台蒸汽机是 Thomas Newcomer 在17世纪末设计的，后来苏格兰发明家瓦特在1765年对原有的设计进行了改进提高，生产出了第一台高效的蒸汽机并应用到纺织和其他机械业中。

10 B, 工业革命产生了工人阶级，即无产阶级。后来形成了工会制度。

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