Streptococcal Pneumonia.

Streptococcal pneumonia causes pneumonia, bacteremia, and meningitis. In 2009, invasive pneumococcal disease accounted for 43,500 cases and 5,000 deaths. However, the introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal vaccination for infants and children in 2000 has directly and indirectly (through herd immunity) reduced pneumococcal infections among children and adults.42 Since 2010, infants younger than age 2 years have routinely been vaccinated with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13). In 2014, the ACIP recommended vaccinating adults aged ≥65 years using the PCV13 along with the 23-valent inactivated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23). The vaccines should not be coadministered. Adults in this age range who never received the PPSV23 should first receive the PCV13 followed 6 to 12 months later by the PPSV23. Adults aged ≥65 years previously 

vaccinated with PPSV23 should receive a dose of PCV13 no earlier than 1 year following the most recent PPSV23 vaccination. The ACIP recommends using PCV13 and PPSV23 for the high-risk groups listed below.

Summary of 2015 CDC Pneumococcal Vaccine Recommendations

● Adults ≥65 years

● Children and adults from ages 2 to 64 years with chronic illnesses specifically associated with increased risk of pneumococcal infection (sickle cell disease, cardiovascular and pulmonary disease, diabetes, alcoholism, cirrhosis, cochlear implants, and leaks of cerebrospinal fluid)

● Any adult aged 19 to 64 years who is a smoker or has asthma

● Adults and children older than age 2 years who are immunocompromised (including from HIV infection, AIDS, long-term steroids, Hodgkin disease, lymphoma or leukemia, kidney failure, multiple myeloma, nephrotic syndrome, organ transplant, damaged spleen or no spleen, radiation, or chemotherapy)

● Residents of nursing homes or long-term care facilities

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