How Do Doctors Diagnose and Treat Scoliosis?

Diagnosis: 

Scoliosis is not always easy to diagnose, especially if it does not hurt or have visible signs. A physical examination of the spine, hips, and legs is the first step, followed by an x-ray if needed.

In the United States, public schools often do a simple test for scoliosis called the forward-bending test. The school nurse or another staff member has students bend over parallel to the floor with their shirts off to check for curvature. If scoliosis is suspected, the student is referred to a family doctor for further evaluation. The doctor might want to have an x-ray taken for a clearer view of the spine.

The severity of scoliosis is diagnosed by determining the extent of curvature of the spine. The curvature is the angle of slant of the spinal bones measured in degrees.

Treatment choices: 

If the cause of scoliosis is known, such as an injury or unequal leg length, the treatment is designed to address the cause. For example, wearing a shoe with a raised heel can correct scoliosis caused by unequal leg length.

In idiopathic scoliosis, however, the choice of treatment depends largely on the severity of the condition. If the angle of curvature is slight (e.g., 10 to 15 degrees) nothing may need to be done other than having regular checkups to make sure the curvature does not worsen. Somewhat greater curvature can be treated by the person wearing any of several types of back braces. An angle of curvature of 40 degrees or more may mean that a corrective operation is needed.

Living with Scoliosis

Fortunately, much of the deformity of scoliosis can be prevented if the condition is detected early. In most instances, no lifestyle changes are needed, and people can carry on with their normal activities.

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