The operation begins when the surgeon makes an incision or cut. Control of bleeding is very important. A swab is a pad of cotton or other material used to soak up blood from the operation site. A sucker is a mechanical device which aspirates -sucks up- blood. Bleeding vessels are tied with ligatures or sealed by an electric current (diathermy). 

Drains may be inserted to carry away fluid which might act as a culture medium for bacteria. Various methods are used to close the wound, for example sutures (also known as stitches), or staples. Finally, the wound is covered with a dressing.

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